Unit1 Friendship grammar
(DDirec t & Indirect Speech(Ⅰ) statements & ques tions)
Aims
To discover useful words and expressions
To discover useful structures
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by discovering useful words and e xpressions[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]
T urn to pa ge 4 and do Exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 first. Then check your answers with your class partner.
II. Learning about grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech
1.Direct Speech
In direct speech, the original speaker's exact words are given and are indicated by quotation marks.
★“I don’t know what t o do,” said Dean.
In some grammar books, ‘said Dean’ is referred to as a reporting clause. “I don't know what to do,” is referred to as the re ported cl ause.
2. Indirect Speech
In indirect speech, the exact meaning of the sp eaker’s words i s given, but the exact words are not directly quoted.
★Dean said that he didn’t know what to do. [来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
To convert direct speech into indirect speech:
If the main verb is past tense, present tense verbs in ‘that clause’ must also be changed to past tense.
Dean said that he didn’t know what to d o.
First and second person pronouns must be changed to thi rd person pronouns.
Dea n said that he didn’t know what to do.
(The word ‘tha t’ can often be left out: Dean said he didn’t know what to do.)
3. Indirect Questions
The same rules apply to indirect questions as to indirect statements. The difference is that a wh- clause is used instead of a that clause.
Direct question: “Did Marama’s horse win a prize?” Owen asked.
Indirect questions: Owen asked whether (or if) Marama’s horse had won a prize.
Direct question: “Why won’t you marry me?” asked Donald.
Indirect question: Donald asked her why she wouldn’t marry him.
In telling a sto ry or recounting events, a speaker using direct speech has all the resources of intonation to produce a lively account. Because indirect speech is always speech reported by someone else, the account is more reserved and restrained.
“What shall we do?” asked Bev.
“Don’t worry, Bev,” said Duncan, “I’ve got a plan.”
Bev asked Duncan what they should do. He told her not to worry and that he had
got a plan.
The ability to change direct speech into indi rect speech is a u seful skill for those engaged in taking the minutes of a meeting or reporting on events.
Direct speech: “First of all, I would like to thank everybody who helped with t he
fair. The results were very good, and we will now be able to buy two more computers.” [来源:学科网ZXXK]
Indirect speech: The principal said that he would like to thank ever ybody who had
helped with the fair. He announced that the results were very good and that the
school would now be able to buy two more computers.
III. Discovering words and expressions
Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 on page 4 and 5. Check your work with your partner’s.
IV. Discovering structures
Do exercis e 1 and 2. Check you r work with your partner’s.。