高考英语完形填空讲解完形填空是一篇语义完整、层次清晰、短小精悍、上下文逻辑关系密切的文章，近年来特别强调对整体的感知和把握。
高考完形填空在整个试卷中起着承上启下的作用，它要求考生既具备综合运用语言知识的能力，又要有一定的阅读理解能力，同时还要有一定的综合思维和逻辑推理能力。
完形填空是高考的一个重点，同时也是一个难点，当然也是考生大量失分的一个环节。
高考完形填空命题有什么特点和变化？考生面对这些特点和变化如何积极备考？完形填空考查考生什么方面的能力以及如何有效解题？此文旨在帮助大家明确解题方向，拓宽解题思路。
1.高考完形填空的命题特色、变化及备考策略⑴首句不设空。
保留一个完整的提示句，以引导考生迅速有效地把握文章的基调和内容，考生需要重视和理解这个提示句，联系文章结尾，作充分不明确的理解和把握，不能一视而过，错失把握文章主旨的良机。
⑵备选答案多以实词为主，虚词为辅。
实词是指动词、名词、形容词和副词；虚词是指连词、介词和代词。
这种命题思想提高了考试难度，同时成了重要的被考指导原则及形式为内容服务的原则。
考生需要把握解题的突破口：整体把握文章信息，避免单一的语法角度解题。
⑶由从四个选项中选择一个“正确答案”过渡为选择“最佳答案”。
这在解题做答时，就有了质的变化，对考生语言能力提出了更高的要求。
考生需要辨别备选词的细微差别，依据语境联系上下文，做出更准确更确切的选择，而不仅仅是根据语法解题。
⑷突出语篇，语境选择为主，语法选择为辅。
从高考完形近几年的变化可看出，只需要依据空句本身就可以看出答案的小题只占10%到20%，需要跨越句子解题的占80%以上，解题需要纵观全篇，才能做出正确选择，这就需要考生解题时把注意力放在通篇把握上，不要做单句的理解，割裂语篇要传递的信息。
⑸短文题材向多样化发展。
从多年的高考完形来看，试题大多是叙述性文体的小故事。
随着高考英语水平的不断升级，完形填空已经突破了单一的叙述性文体，可能在叙述文体为主的情况下，说明文、甚至议论文和描述性说明文体，或者向突出细节描写，刻画人物内心描写，夹叙夹议等方向发展。
因此考生要关注这种变化，平时训练中要做多样化的试题，要做到有的放失。
提出这五种命题特色和变化，目的在于考生对高考完形有一个整体的把握和认识，启发大家要更新观念，改进固有的学习习惯和解题思路，真正在完形填空这一难点上有所突破和创新。
2. 高考完形填空考查能力的角度：高考完形填空通常从五个角度考查考生的语言能力，即：⑴词义辨析型⑵固定搭配和常用短语型⑶利用上下文进行逻辑推断型⑷语境型⑸利用文化背景和文化常识推断型。
1. 词义辨析型⑴定义：重点考查考生对英语实词的意义和用法的掌握，尤其是对近义词或短语在具体语境中词义范围、程度、感情色彩等方面区别的准确把握。
⑵命题分析：例1.As I drove my blue Buick into the garage, I saw that a yellow Oldsmobile was 21 too close to my space. I had to drive back and forth to get my car into the 22 space. That left 23 enough room to open the door.21. A. driven B. parked C. stopped D. stayed (park强调停的状态，stop强调停的动作)22. A. complete B. close C. narrow D. fixed (fixed是固有的，误选D就简单化，缺乏语境.C)23. A. quite B. nearly C. seldom D. hardly (表达一个否定的意义，只有D符合。
)例2. they wanted to make as much ( 37 noise ) as possible to force ( 38 the government officials ) to realize what everybody was having to 39 .39. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share (B是主动接受，A是被动忍受)⑶解题认识：词义辨析往往需要借助于语境和上下文的逻辑关系进行判断，而不是单纯的考查词义的区别。
对于常用的实词多义要加强积累，不能停留在仅仅掌握基本词义上面。
2. 固定搭配和常用短语型⑴定义：主要考查动词、名词、形容词等在句中与其它词的灵活搭配以及常见的固定短语。
⑵例题分析：Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trains, or even cars can be a terrible trouble--- especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great 36 between human beings and insects. The former37 every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly38 attention to themselves.15’03’’36. A. connection B. difference C. communication D. similarity (B) the former…while the latter37. A. do B. take C. make D. try (C. 固定搭配make an effort to do sth.)38. A. give B. keep C. pay D. draw (只有draw attention to 才符合语境)⑶解题认识：固定搭配的考查也往往结合语境和上下文，体现了高考“内容为重，形式为辅”的原则。
考生既要记住固定搭配和日常短语的固定形式，又要准确地把握其意义，解题过程中不能一看到熟悉的结构就不假思索地做出选择。
3. 利用上下文进行逻辑推断型⑴定义：这类题的备选选项为隐性信息，需要借助上下文相关信息（指相近或相反）和关键提示词才能做出判断。
⑵例题分析：例1. In it(the parcel) were photos of all the actors of our show, personally signed by each performers. There were also50 of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front-desk in her own time after work.50. A. rules B. pictures C. handbooks D. performances (B, picture和photos构成also关系take picture) 例2. The huge mountain is called Matterhorn Mountain. Climbers had reached the top, using the southern route. But no one had ever dared to try a winter climbing up the 4 side. But now one man was daring to try the 5 route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber from Italy.4. A. western B. eastern C. southern D. northern (关键词but和上文southern 选择D)5. A. difficult B. different C. same D. easy (A,第二个but后的一句话表明北线更难)⑶解题认识：根据上下文进行逻辑判断属于较难的考点，考生务必要善于抓住上下文的关键信息点，以及表达对等、对比关系的连接词和短语。
从意群的角度做出判断，切忌做单句理解和判断。
4. 语境性完形⑴定义：审题和解题时需要通篇考虑，整体理解。
要有整体意识，把握文章主旨、情节发展和作者思路。
⑵例题分析：Dear Laura, I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you 36I wanted to do something very 37 for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the prefect child. He 38 all the summer to earn enough money to buy a sued motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it until it looked almost new. I was so 39 of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.I could 40 wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen to start the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a 41 : “To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”36. A. hope B. advice C. support D. courage (A)37. A. polite B. similar C. special D. private (C)38. A. played B. studied C. traveled D. worked (D)39. A. sure B. fond C. proud D. confident (C)40. A. perhaps B. really C. almost D. hardly （D）41. A. note B. notice C. word D. sign (A)⑶解题认识：在解语境题型时，要善于通过抓主题句或者归纳主旨把握整个篇章的语境，以判断作者的写作目的、态度以及思想情感，以此为主线把握情节的发展；同时解题过程中要兼顾到上下文逻辑关系。