一、表示叙事顺序first, … second, … lastly, ... firstly, … secondly, … lastly, …to begin with, … next, … finally, …二、表示补充意思besides moreover furthermore in addition what’s moremost important of all last but not least三、表示结果therefore consequently as a result四、表示对照however while（而）for one thing, … for another, …五、表示例证for example for instance六、表示总结in a word in short in my opinion过渡词的应用实例There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.First,with the rapid development of economy, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Second,most people are well paid and they can afford to buy what they need. Lastly, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.Ⅱ短文写作基本句式表示原因There are three reasons for this.The reasons for this are as follows.The reason for this is not far to seek.We have good reason to believe that...表示好处、优点It has the following advantages.It does us a lot of good. = It benefits us a lot.It is beneficial (of great benefit) to us.表示坏处、缺点It is harmful to us.It does us much harm.It has more disadvantages than advantages.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能It plays an important part in our life.It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.We think it necessary to do sth.表示措施、怎样做We should take some effective measures.We must solve the problems that we are confronted with ( = faced with )表示变化Great changes have taken place in the past decade.Computers have brought about many changes in education.表示事实、现状We can not ignore the fact that…No one can deny the fact that...This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.表示比较Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.I prefer to read rather than watch TV.表示数量The population in this small town has increased from 30,000 to 65,000.People have ( take / adopt ) different attitudes towards it.People have different opinions on this problem.Some people believe that… Others argue that…表示结论It can b e said that…From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that...套语As is known to us, …（It is well known to us that…）This is a topic that is being widely talked about.From the graph (table / chart) given above, it can be seen that…As a proverb says, “Practice makes perfect.”I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.Having heard that you need an engineer, I venture to submit this application for the post.某些使用率较高的词语动词tend enjoy ( can ) afford ( to buy ) get / gain / obtain ( knowledge )名词living standard traffic jams ( be harmful to ) human beings代词who what which副词nowadays unfortunately, ( however,…) personally, ( I think…)短语with the development of economy in modern societyin the age of information第一段段首句参考例句We can not ignore the fact that…As is known to us, …Where does happiness lie? This is a topic that is being widely talked about.（以问句开始时注意词序）From the graph listed above, it can be seen that ...Nowadays, with the development of economy, electricity plays a more and more important role in our society.第二段段首句参考例句The reasons for this is not far to seek.However, everything divides into two.Howe ver, there are some people who …However, others argue that …Unfortunately, however, tourism has also brought a number of problems.Compared with A, B is …第三段段首句参考例句Personally, I think computer will never replace man.In my opinion, we must take some effective measures.In short, it can be said that we can accomplish nothing without confidence.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that we must attach great importance to education.Ⅲ句型参考：---关于利弊,优缺点的句型:1. S + have (or has) a lot of advantages over...(与...相比有许多优点)Compared with B, A has (or have) many advantages.译: 1) 澳大利亚与中国相比,其优点是人口少.2) 英语是她的长处.2. be of great benefit to sb./sth. (对...有益)译: 你的计算机知识对你将来的工作十分有利.3. ...benefit sb./sth. (对...有好处)译: 这家新医院对整个社区有利.Benefit from sth. (由于...而受益)译: 我们将从技术发明中受益.4. ...do (a lot of) good to sb. (对... 有许多好处)译: 早晨锻炼对你很有好处....be good for sb./sth. (对...有益)译: 蔬菜和水果有利于人的健康.... do damage to sth. ( 对... 造成损坏)译: 这次地震对城市建筑损坏严重.... do harm to sht. ( 对... 有害处)译: 吸烟有害人的健康.5. ...be as(not so) good as... What he does is not so good as what he says.6. ...not so much ...as ... (与其说..., 不如说...)eg. He is not so much a writer as a reporter.--- 说明原因的句型:1. There are some/two/many good reasons for.../to do...Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2. We have two good reasons for...Example: We have many good reasons to object to smoking in public places.3. The reason for ... is that + 从句Example: The reason for my being late was that I missed the bus.附：列举原因常用的三种句式举例：1.I learn English chiefly for three reasons. The first reason I learn English is because I haveto pass CET 4 to get a degree. Another reason that I learn English is because I want to get a good job in the future. And the third reason, the most important one is because I love learning English, I am crazy about it.2.I learn English chiefly for three reasons. The first reason why I learn English is that I haveto pass CET 4 to get a degree. Another reason why I learn English is that I want to get a good job in the future. And the third reason, the most important one is that I love learning English, I am crazy about it.3.I learn English chiefly for three reasons. Getting a degree is the first factor that contributesto my learning of English. Consideration for a better job in the future is another ingredient that motivates me to learn English. Moreover, love for English plays the most important role in my learning of English, by years of contact with it; I should say that I cannot go without it.English has become a part of my life, and I am crazy about it.--- 表示不同看法的句型:1. Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matterSome believe that ... Others argue that ... Still others maintain that ...2. They are quite different from each other in their opinions.3. Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.4. They think quite differently on this question.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.--- 表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:1. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable,advisable) for sb. To do sth.Example: 1) It is expensive to run a car.2) It is convenient to get round in the city if you own a car.3) It is urgent for the government to take measures to controlthe birth rate in our country4）It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centres, recreation centres, cinemas, and public facilities to meet the increasing needs of the people.2. ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth .(有困难做某事)Example: They have trouble finding a satisfactory job.3. ... have trouble with sth. (对... 有困难,不好对付)--- 常用谚语(在议论文中):1. As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to you health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.3. As a proverb says, "Where there is a will there is a way." (有志者事竟成.)4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps."(观其交友,知其为人.)5. As is known to all , "No pains, no gains".(没有苦,就没有甜.)--- 关于因果关系的句型:1. The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.2. Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher.3. An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher prices.4. The demand has increased. Therefore, /As a result, /For this reason, /Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are higher.5. If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise./go up./boost./are higher.--- 辩论中常用的句型:1. There is no doubt that ...2. It is obvious/clear that ...3. As is known to all, ...4. (It's) no wonder... (难怪) He didn't work hard and no wonder he lost his job.5. It goes without saying that ... (不用说,不成问题,很自然...)6. What is more important, ...7. I am convinced that ... (我深信...)---举例表示法:1. For example, the people's economic status has been greatly improved.2. For instance, the economic status of the people has been improved.3. Let's have an example. Tv sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities. --- 概述(用于图表作文)1. According to the figures given in the table, -----2. This chart shows that -----3. As is shown by the graph, -----4. It can be seen from the statistics that ----5. It is generally believed that/accepted/thought/held -------6.There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase/decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in demand./income./population./prices./production.7. Be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (...在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降)Example: The number of students in the college has been on the rise in recently years.--- 结尾句型:1. In my opinion, I am in favor of owning a car.2. Personally, I prefer to work in the country rather than in the city.3. In short, parents and children should learn to get through to each other. Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.4. In conclusion, we cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.5. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that "No pains no gains."Ⅳ模版例举：（一）议论文(1)It is generally believed that . . is a hot topic which is widely talked about both at home and abroad .Now our government attaches great importance to solving this problem.Scicntists in this field have put forward a number of suggestions tending to relieve it.To begin with,we should . . Furthermore, . . It is clear that . .People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people think that . . According to them,all of us should . . Others argue that . . In their opinion,nobody can . . without . . There is no doubt that . . As a consequence . .In short,I firmly support the view that . . It is because . . So my conclusion is that . . (107 words)(2)There is no denying the fact that … is popular topic which is much talked about not onlyby …, but also by … It is generally thought that … The reasons for … are as follows.To begin with, … Secondly , … Therefore,we should attach great significance to solving the problem.There are , I think ,at least two possible ways to cope with it .The first way to tackle it is to appeal to the authorities to take drastic measures to (do) … The other policy that is worth adopting is to work out new regulations to (do) … Only in this way can we succeed in dealing with the problem in the near future.To conclude ,it seems obvious … So the prospect we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.(127 words)（二）图表作文As is shown in the table (or in the picutre) , … dropped from … in 1996 .According to the figures given in the table, …has greatly increased ( or decreased ) in the past … years ( or decades ), reaching … in 1996.From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline ( or rise ) in … It is clear that …There are at least two good reasons for … On the one hand, … Let’s have an example to illustrate the great increase in … On the other hand, … is due to the fact that … In addition, … is responsible for … Maybe there are some other reasons to show … But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, I believe that …… I am sure my opinion is both sound andwell-grounded.(126 words)。