高中英语24个话题词汇Topic 1 Personal Information个人出生地信息Place of birth, address, nationality, province, state, community, block, neighborhood, located/situated, etc.个人婚恋信息Marriage, remarry, single, bachelor, fall in love with, abandon, break up, make up with, divorced, heartbroken, widow, etc.个人职业信息Architect, athlete, tutor, general, minister, performer, porter, detective, director, novelist, astronaut, interpreter, accountant, lawyer, statesman, coach, designer, editor, dentist, headmaster, chef, salesman, etc.个人工作资质和能力Suitable, capable, qualified, professional, skillful, determined, talented, lack, motivation, potential, promising, energetic, full-time, part-time, achieve, ambitious, responsible, stress, teamwork, employed, fired, assist, challenge, opportunity, process, tiresome, take charge of, manage, personnel, staff, accomplish, imaginative, intelligent, etc.个人性格信息Adventurous, enthusiastic, creative, generous, moody, friendly, innocent, childish, sensitive, romantic, considerate, humorous, confident, independent, selfish, selfless, easy-going, strong-willed, stubborn, modest, open-minded, optimistic, smart, outgoing, etc.个人其他信息Male, female, e-mail address, ID number, postcode, identification, income, salary, passport, educated, degree, major, hobby, occupation, race, minority, immigrant, orphan, career, status, diploma, position, relative, etc.信息、数据的使用Register, delete, leave out, copy, usage, survey, fill out, questionnaire, application form, chart, table, apply for, look up, download, data, update, material, analyze, input, erase, preserve, store, convey, connection, evaluate, reference, imitate, etc.Topic 2 Family, Friends and People Around家人及关系描述Couple, cousin, father-in-law, mother-in-law, nephew, niece, parent, relationship, relative, sister-in-law, adopt, communicate, anniversary, divorce, inherit, marry, quarrel, raise, shelter, split; close, considerate, distant; break up, bring up, depend on, make up, etc.朋友和周围的人及关系描述Acquaintance, colleague, company, companion, fellow, guest, host, hostess, neighbor; argue, share; familiar; get along with, get on well with, have fun with, make fun of, make one’s acquaintance, play a trick on, rely on, etc.其他Ancestor, argument, bride, bridegroom, generation, harmony, marriage, personality, privacy, widow; engaged, personal, single, married, etc.Topic 3 Personal Environments方位地点描述Be located/situated in, stand, location, off, lie in/on/to, across from/opposite, on the left/right of, to the left/right of, next to, between, at the back of, near, nearby, on top of, bound, behind, etc.周围环境描述Surroundings, improve, take measures, equip, equipment, facility, public, build, scenery, scenic spot, mountainous, landscape, be abundant in, etc.对周围环境感受Comfortable, comfort, dirty, keep a balance, balanced, peaceful, cozy, in order, in harmony, shelter somebody/something from, shelter, convenient, modern, quiet/silent, rough, grand, shabby, impress, etc.房屋内部组成Downstairs, upstairs, entrance, entry, exit, fence, furnished, furniture, study, roof, basement, living room, dining room, bath, bathe, balcony, etc.房屋类型Architecture, architect, design, flat, apartment, house, bungalow, villa, cottage, dormitory, decorate, decoration, one-story house, etc.服务设施Access, accessible, neat, mess, attractive, serve, service, parking lot, laundry, garage, supermarket, museum, stadium, theatre, gallery, hotel, barber shop, restaurant, travel agency, bank, tea house, grocery, green grocery, railway station, subway/metro/underground/tube, drugstore, cafeteria, etc.周围环境变化Change, take place, take on a new look, newly-built, used to be, etc.Topic 4 Daily Routines看电视、上网、聊天Watch, view, surf, chat, email, message, text, interview, report, series, micro-blog, record, impress, move, laugh, broadcast, produce, announce, adapt, enjoy, undated, host, advertise, affect, effect, direct, act, live show, switchon/off, turn over, turn up/down, be on air, etc.就餐Dine, feed, swallow, breakfast, snack, barbeque, picnic, fresh, raw, ripe, cook, heat, bite, drink, book, order, reserve, pay, serve, taste, recommend, tip, atmosphere, seat, toast, diet, nutrition, lay, at table, help oneself to, treat sb. to sth. , etc.家务Sweep, cook, wash, housework, tidy, clean, mess, neat, furniture, equipment, polish, household, put away, water the flower, iron the shirt, etc.外出：Trip, visit, ride, walk, drive, fly, fishing, diving, sailing, breathe, sunbathe, view, relax, nature, refresh, explore, sightseeing, go outing, go camping, drop in at/on, get close to nature, take photos of sth., etc.起居：Brush, shower, wash hands and face, bathe, dress, shave, asleep, awake, sleepy, daily, lay the table, sit around, stay up, wake up, be up, put on, etc.日常学习：Study, learn, write, teach, method, example, think, reflect, attention, focus, concentrate, progress, prepare, break, interval, effort, hurry, go to school, gain, achieve, dream, aim, goal, pay off, be absorbed in, be buried in, problem, trouble, accumulate, pressure, relieve, stick to, etc.生活娱乐：Live, lead a happy life, positive, attitude, recreate, entertain, enjoy, leisure, keep fit, etc.Topic 5 School Life学校概述Scholarship, academic, course, compulsory course, optional/selective course, cover, be divided into, etc.学科：Mathematics, biology, geography, IT(Information Technology), PE(Physical Education), physics, etc.对待学习的态度：Attitude, be enthusiastic about, amazed, serious, bored, embarrassed, be impressed with, disappointed, etc.课堂活动/表现Behavior, lively, organized, amusing, energetic, popular, hard-working, intelligent, shy, strict, stupid, comprehension, handwriting, instruction,by/with a ... Method, textbook, patient, misunderstanding, get down to, focus on..., consider, make progress, etc.实验课堂：Add...to..., aim, balance, burn, expand, float, equipment, form, liquid, solid, mixture, oxygen, steam, percent, a quarter, draw a conclusion, etc.课外活动：After-school/outdoor activities, punctual, look back on, have fun, competitive, elect, attractive, photography, be keen on..., suit, etc.表达观点：It’s a great pity that..., as far as I am concerned, in my view, as for me, I find it strange/interesting/amusing that..., it seems to me that..., be considered as..., it is up to you, I am with you on that..., to one’s amazement, in other words, as a result, etc.Topic 6 Interests and Hobbies兴趣类别Basketball, soccer, bicycle, bowling, boxing, camp, cartoon, go to the cinema, stamp collecting, comedy, computer, cook, dance, gymnastics, play the guitar, kite, literature, marathon, motorcycle, go to a movie, go to a concert, music, outing, reading, go sightseeing, sport, play table tennis, play ping-pong, symphony, watch television/TV, go to the theatre, trip, travel, walk, etc.喜爱:Be fond of, be keen on, prefer, enjoy, feel like(doing) sth.,have/show/express/take an interest in sth., be interested in, desire, delight, delighted, etc.习惯：Develop/form a habit of (doing) sth., get into/be in the habit of (doing) sth., get/be used to (doing) sth., get/be accustomed to (doing) sth., etc.吸引：Appeal to sb, appeal to sb. to do sth., attract, attractive, fascinate, etc.赞美：Amusement, amazing, amazed, awesome, comfortable, cool, entertainment, enjoyable, fantastic, extreme, extra, extraordinary, favourite(美式：favorite), fun, great, happiness, happy, interesting, joy, pleasant, please, pleased, pleasure, practical, etc.专注投入：Be absorbed in, be buried in, commit oneself to (doing) sth., concentrate on, focus on, be devoted to, devotion, be eager to do sth., be enthusiastic about, be occupied with., etc.收获益处：Gain, obtain, beneficial, benefit, contribute to, make contributions/a contribution to, make a difference (to), have an effect/influence on, affect, influence, harvest, health, healthy, help sb. (do) sth., help (do) sth., help sb. With sth. Helpful, inspire, provide a platform for sb., relax, refresh, tool, treasure, various, variety, value, valuable, useful, worth, worthy, worthwhile, wonderful, wisdom, wise, etc.Topic 7 Emotions愉快与满足：Delighted, delightful, joyful, amused, pleased, pleasant, be satisfied with, satisfaction, etc.厌倦与厌恶：Be/get bored with, be tired of, be fed up with, disgusted, disgusting, etc.恐惧：Frightened, be scared of, scare sb. to death., scary, panic, horror, horrible, make one’s hair stand on end, etc.痛苦、悲伤、失望：Painful, sorrow, miserable, be disappointed at/about/by sth., be disappointedin/with sb., to one’s disappointment, let sb. Down, frustrated, etc.焦虑与压力：Anxious, anxiety, under stress/pressure, be stressed out, stressful, etc.后悔、遗憾：Regret, to one’s regret, regretful, It’s a pity that, what a pity, wish+虚拟语气，etc.愤怒、不快:Anger, annoying, annoyed, upset, depressed, depression, etc.其他：Awkward, embarrassed, astonished, sympathy, be sympathetic with, etc.Topic 8 Plans and Intentions计划：Plan, intend, dream, aim, reserve, draw, approach, outline, scheme, map out, be determined to do sth., long for, make up one’s mind to do sth., etc.Advise, suggest, recommend, proposal, declare, etc.请求许可、禁止：Permit, allow, forbid, ban, prohibit, etc.可能：Possible, probably, likely, be likely to do sth., etc.需要：Want, need, require, deserve, must, demand, etc.Topic 9 Festivals, Holidays and Celebrations中国传统节日：New Year’s Eve, Spring Festival/Chinese New Year’s Day, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Double SeventhFestival/Chinese Valentine’s Day, Mid-Autumn Festival/Moon Festival, Double Ninth Festival, etc.西方传统节日：New Year’s Day, Valentine’s Day, April Fool’s Day,Easter Day, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, Halloween, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, etc.时间：Be celebrated on, celebrate...for...years/since..., on the first/second/...day of the first/second/...month of the lunar/solar calendar, last(for)...on end, date back to/from..., etc.Origin, originate from/in..., be celebrated in/on...意义：Be symbolized by, symbolic/symbolical, symbol, stand for, mark, a mark of 穿着：Wear, be dressed in..., dress up, be dressed up...as..., a magnificent costume 活动：Decorate...with..., wander, be crowded with, wear masks, parade, have fun, be made fun of, play a joke on, unite, propose a toast, set off fireworks, family reunion dinner, be reunited with, lucky money, be celebrated with, a celebration of, ceremonyTopic 10 Shopping买卖：Customer, buy/purchase, cheap, valuable, change, select, sell (out), on sale, go shopping, pick out, try on, at least/most, bargain, catalogue, consumer, consume, marketing, charge(free of charge), return, supermarket, etc.产品：Product, produce, production, etc.支付：Money, price, receipt, tax, cost, pay, spend, cash, credit card, bill, exchange rate, interest rate, cheque/check, expense, fare, fee, tip, etc.场所：Counter, mall, shelf, shop, stall, supermarket cashier, cash desk, department store, shopping center, show window, etc.其他：Account, deposit, discount, e-shopping, afford, book, decline, decrease, increase, order, raise, worth, of good/poor value, in need of, run out (of), goods, etc.Topic 11 Food and Drink宴会用语：Guest, entertainment, menu, customer, barbecue, begin with, end up, manners, etc.点评食物：Delicious, appetite, remark, favorite, like, dislike, complain, taste, etc.烹饪或食用方式：Boil, roast, raw, ripe, fry, etc.饮食文化：Fixed, consume, abundant, be popular, etc.饮食与健康：Owe…to…, go against, injure, diet, fit, balance, unhealthy, treat, overweight, patient, have an effect on, symptom, nutrition, nutritious, painful, etc.Topic 12 Weather晴朗天气：Sun, sunny, clear, fair, fine, sunshine, cloudless, warm, fresh, mild, sunny, cosy, shine, brilliant, etc.阴沉天气：Cloud, cloudy, dull, dark, etc.雨雪天气：Rain, rainy, rainfall, ice rain, icy, downpour, rainbow, shower, storm, stormy, thunder, thunderstorm, lightning, pour, snow, snowfall, snowy, frost, dew, chilly, freezing, etc.风：Wind, windy, gentle, etc.雾：Fog, foggy, smoke, mist, misty, haze, dust, etc.自然灾害：Disaster, earthquake, flood, drought, hurricane, volcano, typhoon, sandstorm, desertification, tidal wave, mudflow/landslide, volcanic earthquake, tsunami, tornado, catastrophe, etc.描述天气：Cool, cold, chilly, damp, wet, freeze, freezing, frozen, hot, dry, changeable, terrible, bright, calm, temperature, degree, humidity, forecast, gorgeous, fascinating, expand, fantastic, frequently, go up, go down, reduce, be likely to, colorful, column, erupt, tropical, violent, tidal, frightening, equator, wave,inland, melt, pick up, prediction, solar, vary, decline, annual, extreme, balance, exploration, promote, severe, alarm, decrease, heaven, peaceful, etc.天气影响：Violent, scary, be caught in, one after another, have a bad effect on, give out, cause, bury, occur, strike, ruin, blow, burn, burst, destroy, predict, rescue, shake, supply, survive, survival dangerous, muddy, natural, conditions, pleasant, compared to, urgent, pollute, complain, damage, danger, death, terrifying, affect, influence, sunburnt, current, be blocked with, prevent from, etc.衣着：Coat, hat, sunglasses, sun-cream, umbrella, raincoat, warm clothes, collar, gloves, rubber boots, etc.天气相关：Climate, atmosphere, environment, experience, on average, end up, plenty of, in all, northwest, above zero, below zero/freezing, season, spring, summer, autumn(fall), winter, visibility, desert, scenery, seaside, scene, landscape, etc.Topic 13 Interpersonal Relationship问候与介绍：introduce, make an introduction to sb., greet, recommend, salute sb., give a salute to sb., remember me to sb., give/send one’s(kind/best) regards to sb., etc.感谢： thank, thankful, grateful, appreciate, owe, in return, appreciation, etc. 道歉与原谅：Apology, apologize, excuse, forgive, pardon, regret, forget it, never mind, etc.祝愿与祝贺：Celebrate, in celebration of, congratulate, congratulation, wish, hope, bless, good luck, etc.告别：Say goodbye to, see sb. off, departure, get separated, part, break up, etc.打电话：call up, ring up, hang up, hang on, get through, call back, phone, busy, dial, answer, message, etc.约会：date, appointment, cancel, call off, agree on, etc.帮助：help…out, do sb. a favor, aid, assist, assistance, turn to sb. for help, with the help of, etc.允许： allow, permit, approve of, in favor of, admit, permission, etc.拒绝： refuse, reject, turn down, rejection, decline, refusal, etc.要求与命令： require, requirement, order, command, request, demand, ask for, claim, call for, insist, etc.警告与禁止： warn sb. of sth., forbid, prohibit, remind, watch out, look out, caution, etc.劝告与建议： advise, advice, suggestion, suggest, persuade, recommend, urge, propose, etc.交往： make contact with, share…with, get on with, disagree with, argue with, be in disagreement with, rely on, be in conflict with, be on good/bad terms with, get/keep in touch/contact with, quarrel, make up, betray, exchange ideas/views with, communicate with, stay best friends, etc.感受： look upset, get nervous, be pleased with, be worried about/worryabout, be/get angry with sb. about sth., be disappointed with/in sb., be disappointed at/about/with sth., be confident of sth., It is a pity that…, be hurt/be in pain, be blessed with, be ashamed of, etc.Topic 14 Health健康： keep energetic, wish you good health, be in poor health, healthy, unhealthy, slim, junk food, keep fit, stay healthy, build up one’s strength, etc. 受伤与： suffer from, headache, get relief from, recover from one’s injury,painstaking efforts, no pains, no gains, stomach pains, wound, hurt, injure, damage, ache, harm, do such great harm to health, the injured, etc.饮食习惯： go on a balanced diet, lose weight, keep fit, develop healthyeating habits, be good for health, get into the habit of, protein, nutrition, physical health, produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups, be iin good health, balance one’s diet, build physical endurance, be high in fat, gain weight, be on a diet, form a good habit of, relax my body, take deep breaths of fresh air, lose weight, cut down, take regular exercise, a well-balanced diet, etc.心理健康： mental ability, mental attitude, physical and mental health/fitness, abnormal mental state, do good to health, be mentally unhealthy, keep optimistic pessimistic, etc.Topic 15 Entertainment and Sports(一)运动项目、场地、器械和服装: marathon, boxing, football, rugby, volleyball, badminton, tennis, table tennis, baseball, golf, wrestling, bowling, swimming, skiing, shooting, skating, diving, athletics, gymnastics; stadium,track, ring, pitch, field, net, bat, club; tracksuit, trainer, brand, sportswear, etc.比赛和参赛人员： race, competition, match, tournament, league, association, final, tie; win, beat, defeat, defend, victory, glory, failure; prize, medal; professional, amateur, etc.其他： participate in/take part in; give up, set/hold/break the record, take the lead, audience, hold on e’s breath, cheer, rise to one’s feet, referee, register, time, retire, challenge, tough, determined, etc.（二）娱乐消遣1. 音乐类型和乐器： country music, popular (pop), classical, rap, blues, rock, folk, symphony, jazz, piece of music, characteristic; instrument, string, drum, violin, piano, etc.听音乐的方式： on the radio, on CD, on television, etc.人员： master musician, band, composer, conductor, pianist, etc.创作演出： tune, perform, put on, concert, interpret, give life to, skillful, album, interval, audience, etc.2. 影视戏剧： action, cartoon, comedy, tragedy, horror, thriller, detective, science fiction, opera, series, etc.人员：director, actor, actress, cast, etc.创作、演出、观看：character, plot, role; act; theatre, cinema, channel, stage, studio, audience, clap; admission, box office, etc.评论：receive reviews, entertainment; amuse, impress; amusing, critical, boring, dull, entertaining, funny, horrible, humorous, impressive, interesting, moving; burst into, etc.Topic 16 Travel and Transport交通方式及工具： aboard, aircraft, airplane, ambulance, cab, canal, carriage, coach, board, means of transport, transfer, traffic jam, ferry, freeway, helicopter, highway, lorry, motorcycle, railway, sail, shuttle, spaceship, tractor, tram, trolleybus, ride a bike/by bike, drive a car/by car, take a bus/by bus, by boat/ship/water/sea, take off, etc.指路与问路： crossroad/crossing; It’s about five minutes’ walk; Take Bus No.2 and get off at the next stop; Turn right at the second turning. / Take the second turning on the right ; Go/Walk down/along the road and turn right. You’ll see the post office, etc.询问与预订： accommodation, association, agent, travel agency, book, guide, airlines/airways, flight ticket, passport, visa, identity (ID) card, national park, DIY tour, space tourism, group/organized tour, a self-driven trip, reception, receptionist, reservation, etc.描绘旅程：abandoned, accident, adventure, attain, attract, attractive, attraction, camp, cottage, custom, expedition, explore, destination, distant, grand, hilly, luggage, mountainous, natural, outdoors, comfortable, well-organized, outing, parking, path, pedestrian, passenger, portable, primitive, precious, prohibit, recreation, remote, roundabout, scenery, sightseeing, souvenir, steep, sunny, sunrise, sunset, tax-free, tent, tour, journey, trip, voyage, wide, wild, wildlife, worldwide, go on a wildlife tour/a hiking trip, see sb. off, be on holiday/a visit, etc.旅游感受： awesome, awful, enjoyable, flexible, horrible, impress, interesting, appeal to, rare, regret, remote, splendid, sunny, super, superb, fantastic, boring/dull, tiring, in high spirits, etc.描绘（旅游）地点： abroad, accessible, arch, automonous, avenue, bank, barbecue, beach, capital, castle, coast, country, desert, downtown, harbour, inn, jungle, lounge, nearby, nest, offshore, passage, port, pub, pyramid, range, seaside, shelter, sight, skyscraper, stream, temple, terminal, tower, town, urban, valley, places of interest, scenic spots, have access to, etc.Topic 17 Nature（一）动物与植物: horse, bull, cow, pig, sheep, goat, lamb, zebra, deer, giraffe, camel, elephant, cat, lion, tiger, dog, fox, wolf, squirrel, bear,rabbit, rat, mouse, monkey, kangaroo, bat, whale, dolphin, eagle, hen,chicken, parrot, snake, frog, fish, butterfly, mosquito, etc.常见植物名称： rose, pea, apple, pear, orange, pine, bamboo,cabbage, carrot, onion, pumpkin, potato, tomato, wheat, watermelon,banana, cherry, coconut, grape, mango, nut, bean, etc.与动物和植物相关的名词：Insect, nest, tail, zoo, wing, beef, pork, tusk, fur, claw, feather, root, seed, leaf, fruit, flower, trunk, branch, ring,wood, juice, etc.修饰动物和植物的形容词：gentle, fierce, violent, cute, pretty, cold-blooded, aggressive, lazy, tough, thin, bush, high, crisp, juicy,gorgeous, fresh, reproductive, etc.(二)自然环境七大洲、四大洋和两极： Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, Antarctica, South America, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, the South Pole, the North Pole, Mt. Qomolangma, etc.地形地貌： plain, plateau, hill, mountain, river, lake, stream, land, ocean/sea, waterfall, gulf, island, rainforest, etc.自然资源： oil, coal, water, air, soil, (natural) gas, wood, sunshine, solid, liquid, oxygen, metal, iron, etc.天气： sunny, rainy, windy, cloudy, fine, snowy, warm, cold, cool, hot, mild, rain, wind, snow, cloud, storm, etc.自然现象与灾害： disaster, flood, hurricane, lightning, thunderstorm, tornado, column, current, equator, wave, ash, lava, volcano, earthquake, sandstorm, tide, stream, etc.自然灾害的发生： strike/hit, erupt, ruin, occur, active, worldwide, extinct, etc.Topic 18 Language LearningListen, speak, read, write, pronounce, spell, copy, repeat, practice, review, translate, memorize, consult, adopt, imitate, attention, dictionary, motivation, vocabulary, atmosphere, confidence, concentration, resource, grammar, effective, selective, etc.语言学习的目的： attempt, communicate, express, convey, exchange, broaden, promote, interpreter, conversation, cooperation, tool, growth, social relationship, proficiency, fluent, appropriateTopic 19 The World and Environment地球环境： atmosphere, soil, farmland, water source, naturalresources, ocean circulation, ecosystem, forest, desert, mountain range, ecological balance, etc.环境污染与破坏： pollute, radiate, poison, noise, destroy, harm,increase, bring about, due to, have an influence on sth., etc.环境恶化的表现： acid rain, global warming, greenhouse effect,desertification, deforestation, soil loss, climate change, energy crisis, be threatened with, population explosion, etc.环境保护： protection, preserve, reserve, environmentally-friendly,improve, harmony, sort, garbage classification, solar, take action to do sth. prevent sb. from doing sth., be responsible for, attach importance to sth., advocate doing sth., bring/get sth. under control, raisepeople’s environmental awareness, in return, protect sth. against sth.etc.节约与循环利用： save, economize, conservation, recycle, reuse,alternative, renewable, circulate, make full use of, etc.垃圾和各种废物： rubbish, waste, trash, garbage, litter, landfill, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, smog, pollutant, emission, ash, dust, dirt, etc.缺乏与过度开发： short, lack, overdevelop, surplus, water shortage, etc.Topic 20 Tropical Issues――low-carbon lifestyle低碳生活的概念： low-carbon, lifestyle, environment, environmentally-friendly, eco-friendly, alternative, energy, consumption, reduce,carbon-dioxide, emission, attitude, etc.低碳生活的意义、重要性： rewarding, benefit, make a contribution to, contribute to, slow down, meaningful, significant, significance, provide sth. for sb., have access to, harmony, prevent sb. from doing sth., etc.低碳生活的方法、措施：take measures/take action, protect…from,improvement, become devoted to, develop a habit, get rid of,overcome, absorb, undertake, lead to, etc.Topic 21 Popular Science and Modern Technology 计算机软件和硬件：computer, keyboard, modern, monitor, mouse,screen, program, software, system, virus, battery, application (apps), break down, etc.信息和网络： data, document, information, e-mail, file, Internet, link, network, website, online, search engine, web page, chat, exchange,message, electronic, communicate, get in touch with, shop online, surf the Internet, on the Internet, etc.操作：access, scan, click, copy, crash, delete, download, editor, insert, operate, switch, click on, shut down, etc.太空旅游与探索：astronaut, astronomer, globe, gravity, orbit, pilot,rocket, satellite, shuttle, space, spaceship, telescope, universe,experiment, explore, solar, plane, aircraft, airline, discover, solarsystem, remote control, etc.发明与创造： revolution, observe, analyze/analyse, solve, inspire, measure, simplify, conclude, contribute, predict, design, invent, create, patent, update, make a breakthrough, make great contributions to, etc.设备、技术与进步： advance, breakthrough, development, progress, process, procedure, technology, technique, equipment, method, nuclear, etc.科学与生活：science, scientific, disaster, advantage, disadvantage, convenient, intelligent, fundamental, practical, skeptical/skeptical, beneficial, controversial, valid, optional, contradictory, portable, automatic, trend, benefit from, put…into use, have an effect on, change one’s life, bring about, etc.材料与属性：mixture, steel, aluminium, metal, mineral, dioxide, plastic, liquid, steam, expand, react, form, boil, float, resist, radioactive, take the place of, etc.Topic 22 History and Geography(一)历史（history）时期朝代：AD, age, ancient, BC, century, contemporary, decade, dynasty, generation, history, historic, historical, modern, period,previous, permanent, evolution, past, present, primitive, date back to/date from, throughout, all through, etc.文化风俗：ancestor, anniversary, antique, civilization, conventional, culture, cultural, custom, immigration, observe, origin, religion,religious, settle, settlement, tradition, traditional, pyramid, keep up, pass down, know for/as, etc.（二）地理（geography)方位、方向： bottom, centre/center, central, opposite, direction, edge, north, northern, northeast, northeastern, northwest, northwestern, northward(s), south, southern, southeast, southeastern, southward(s), east, eastern, eastward(s), west, western, westward(s), locate, location, position, lie, surface, upper, altitude, offshore, seaside, beginning, end, ahead of, etc.距离、范围： distance, distant, depth, height, kilometer, mile, remote, faraway, apart, throughout, away, spread, extend, extension, as far as, out of reach, within one’s rea ch, be/get close to, all over, etc.经济、资源： abundant, rich, agriculture, agricultural, industry, industrial, commercial, business, resource, develop, development, boom, increase, decrease, decline, double, export, import, financial, output, energy, trade, etc.人口和面积： area, population, rural, urban, female, male, age group, birth rate, death rate, resident, explode, aging, nationality, grow, fall, expand, explosion, spread, bring/get...under control, etc. 自然地貌： land, sea, bay, canal, ocean, vast, coast, harbour, island, lake, port, river, strait, channel, stream, land, boundary, desert, field, forest, jungle, mountain, mountainous, hill, hilly, plain, range, rock, soil, valley, earth, environment, shore, beach, seashore, volcano, volcanic, etc.世界、地区、国家、省、州和城市： continent, country, border,k divide, separate, empire, globe, global, international, mainland, nation, national, nationwide, world, worldwide, native, republic, state, capital, district, downtown, province, region, zone, town, suburb, etc.宇宙、太空和天空： universe, star, planet, satellite, sun, earth, moon, orbit, (outer) space, solar, sky, air, atmosphere, sunrise, sunset, etc.Topic 23 Society遵守与违反： obey, respect, show respect for, observe, keep, behave well, be in harmony with, in support of, break, be suitable for, etc.社会与社区： society, government, community, neighborhood, household, social order, social issues, social problem, social system, public concern, the nursing home, law, rule, regulation, discipline, the one-child policy, set up, etc.关护： car e for, care about, show one’s concern for, take ... into consideration, pay attention to, call on, etc.就业：occupation, job, career, employ, employment, employer, unemployed, volunteer, temporary/permanent, apply for, take-home salary, full-time salary, full-time employee, in the demand for, etc.宗教、风俗、文化： religion, religious, race, racial, custom, culture, take it for granted, establish, have (an) effect on, etc.Topic 24, Literature and Art文学作品类型： adventure, biography, crime, fantasy, history, thriller, cartoon, horror, science fiction, etc.。