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英语中的词性及练习

She is sad. She sings the song sadly.
需要弄清楚的几个概念:
1、及物动词(vt.):后面带有宾语,意思才能完整。

eg. They want some books. He is reading a book.
2、不及物动词(vi.):本身意义完整,不需跟宾语。

eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory.
3、系动词:系动词本身虽有一定的词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。

如:be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。

eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science.
练习一
一)根据对词类的概念的理解,指出下面单词的词类:
1 deep
2 finger
3 fly
4 papers
5 pass
6 refuse
7 size
8 spoon
9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep
17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but
33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 ah 40 with
41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for
49 say 50 quickly 51 if
二)根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。

1. scientist
2. singer
3. conversation
4. beautiful
5. loudly
6. famous
7. government
8. dangerous
9. instruction 10. careful 11. lively 12. safeties
13. national 14. traditional 15. illnesses 16. wonderful 17. competitions
18. information 19. successful 20. natural 21. illnesses 22. lovely 23. really
24. friendly 25. usually 26. yearly 27. advertisement
提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很普遍的现象,这里的词性是指常见的词性
2.本题中加ly并不都是副词
三)判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。

1. Mary dances well.
2. His father is reading.
3. Tom is looking for his watch.
4. He often plays violin after school.
5. Mr. Green works in a university.
6. The teacher taught us an English song.
7. I have bought this pen for two years.
8. Nothing can live without water.
9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.
10. You can‘t agree with me.
练习答案解析
一)根据对词类的概念的理解,指出下面单词的词类:
1. deep 深的,形容词
2. finger 手指,名词
3. fly 飞,动词
4. papers 报纸,名词
5 pass 通过,动词
6 refuse 拒绝,动词
7 size 尺寸,名词 8 spoon 汤匙,名词
9 delicious美味的,可口的,好吃的,形容词
10 thick厚的,形容词 11 town 城市,名词
12 map 地图,名词 13 myself我自己,反身代词
14 and 和,并列连词 15 on 在……上,介词
16 sheep 绵羊,名词 17 ship 轮船,名词
18 mine 我的,名词性物主代词 19 important重要的,形容词20 an 一个,冠词 21 catch赶上,动词
22 first 第一,序数词 23 laugh 笑,动词
24 third 第三,序数词 25 leave 离开,动词
26 here 这儿,副词 27 fly 飞,动词
28 home 家,名词 29 round 圆形的,形容词
30 sing 唱,动词 31 blind 瞎的,形容词
32 but 但是,转折连词 33 eighth 第八,序数词
34 about关于……,介词 35 bad 坏的,形容词
36 yours 你的,形容词性物主代词 37 child 小孩子,名词
38 against反对……,介词 39 ah 啊哈感叹词
40 with 和……,介词 41 cinema 电影院,名词
42 Tuesday 星期二,名词43. cheap 便宜的,形容词
44 advice 建议,名词 45 two 二,基数词
46 they 他们,代词 47 able有能力的,形容词
48 for 为……。

介词 49 say 说,动词
50 quickly快地,立刻地,马上地,副词 51 if 如果,连词
二)根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。

1 scientist科学家,名词
2 singer 歌手,名词
3 conversation谈话,名词
4 beautiful 漂亮的,形容词
5 loudly 大声的,副词
6 famous著名的,形容词
7 government 政府,名词
8 dangerous 危险的,形容词
9 instruction 说明,名词 10 careful 小心的,形容词 11 lively 活泼的,有生气的,形容词 12 safety 安全,名词 13 national 国家的,人民的,形容词 14 traditional传统的,形容词 15 illness 不健康,不可数名词 16 wonderful好的,棒极了,形容词 17 competitions 竞赛,名词 18 information 信息,名词 19 successful成功的,形容词 20 natural 自然的,形容词 21 illnesses某一种疾病,可数名词 22 lovely 可爱的,形容词 23 really 真地,副词 24 friendly友好的,形容词 25 usually 通常地,频度副词 26 yearly 每年的,形容词 27 advertisement广告,名词
三)判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。

1. Mary dances well.副词,玛利的舞跳的很好。

2. His father is reading.代词,他的爸爸正在读书。

3. Tom is looking for his watch.名词,汤姆正在找他的表。

4. He often plays violin after school.介词,他放学后通常弹钢琴。

5. Mr. Green works in a university.动词,格林先生在一所大学工作。

6. The teacher taught us an English song.名词,老师教给我们一首英文歌曲。

7. I have bought this pen for two years.数词,我已经买这只钢笔有两年了。

8. Nothing can live without water.介词,没有水,万物都不能生存。

9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.名词,你可以保存这本字典两周。

10. You can’t agree with me .代词,你不能同意我(的观点)。

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