宾语从句和状语从句讲解【本讲义信息】一. 教学内容：初三复习状语从句和宾语从句二. 教学难点：1 宾语从句的时态和语序2 状语从句的引导词（一）宾语从句：在初中范围，复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。
我们首先来看宾语从句。
1、①在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。
) 如：I am sure (that) she has passed the exam.②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作“是否”讲。
从句中有or not 结构时，要用whether, 如：I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch. I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not.③what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如：I don’t understand what you said. (what 作said 的宾语)。
又如：I asked him what made him sick. (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。
④who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for.⑤whose 如：I want to know whose book this is.⑥which 如：Do you know which book is mine?2、在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，①how 它的应用最广，如：how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old…。
如：How much does it cost?②when 它只是连接时间状语，如：Please tell me when the meeting will begin?③where 它连接地点状语，如：Where are you from?④why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如：The teacher asked why Tom didn’t come to school.3、在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。
①主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如：I know he didn’t come. 我知道他没来。
I know he will come tomorrow. 我知道他明天来。
I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。
②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。
比如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。
如：I wanted to know when he would come. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.（二）1、状语从句主要有时间状语从句，其连接词有：after，before，when，as，as soon as，until (till)，while，since，by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点：①until (till) 直到，在用until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词要十分小心地去选择。
如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 o’clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back②由since，for，by，before 来引导的时间状语从句。
since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如：I have studied English since 1990. 而由by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term. 而before 则多用于完成时，ago 则多用于一般过去时，如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterday. I left my hometown two years ago.③在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。
它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains, they won’t go to the park on Sunday. 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如：He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park.考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，在宾语从句中该用什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow. 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow.2、原因状语从句中常用的引导词有：①because，应译为“因为”。
它表达的因果关系最强，如：He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t study hard.②since 应译为“既然”，如：Since you were ill yesterday, I left some notes on your desk.③as 应译为“由于”，如：As it is too hot we’d better go swimming. since 与as 所表达的因果关系远比because 弱得多。
而for 表达的因果关系最弱。
它不能用于句首，如：He studies hard, for he wants to go to college.3、在比较状语从句中有同级比较as … as，如：This book is as good as that one. 要注意的有两点：①as…as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。
②用形容词还是副词，如：Mary writes as carefully as Tom. 而其否定句为not as (so) … as，如：They didn’t work so hard as we did. 而不同级比较用比较级加than, 如：He is younger than I am.要注意的是表示“越来越”这一概念时有两个句型：①比较级＋and＋比较级，如：The days are getting longer and longer. The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful.②定冠词the + 比较级+ the + 比较级，如：The harder you study, the more you can learn.4、方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与like (介词)的区别。
as 作为连词其后接从句，如：Please do it as I did it. 但后面的句子常作省略，如：Please do it as I. 而like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Please do it like me.5、结果和目的状语从句主要有so…that, so that，in order that 等几种用法。
①so…that用在单数可数名词前，so + 形容词+ a + 名词+ that，如：She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her. 或用such + a + 形容词+ 名词+ that, 如：She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.②在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such，如：It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic. 又如：They are such good players that they should win the game.③在much，many，few，little 之前只能用so，如：I have so little money that I can’t buy it.④so … that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用such，如：It is so good that I want to buy.⑤so that 其后接从句，如：I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus.【典型例题】1. Could you tell me ＿＿＿?A. Mrs King where livesB. where does Mrs King liveC. where Mrs King livesD. Mrs King lives where2. —Can you tell me ＿＿＿?—Sure. She’s a nurse.A. where is your sisterB. where your sister isC. what is your sisterD. what your sister is3. Could you tell me ＿＿＿?A. when the train will arriveB. when the train arrivedC. when did the train arriveD. when does the train arrives4. —Could you tell me ＿＿＿?—Yes，They ＿＿＿to the libraryA. where are the twins，have beenB. where were the twins，have beenC. where the twins are，have goneD. where the twins were，have gone5. I don’t know ＿＿＿to read the word.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. how6. I wonder ＿＿＿.A. whose bicycle is itB. it is whose bicycleC. is it whose bicycleD. whose bicycle it is7. Mr Black told Jenny ＿＿＿ .A. don’t be late tomorrowB. didn’t be late tomorrowC. not be late next morningD. not to be late the next day8. —Do you know _______?—He’s Tom’s father.A. who is heB. what he isC. what’s heD. who he is9. —What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he _______ the Disney World the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit10. —______ room is this?—It’s a friend of mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. Who’sD. Whose11. —______ tea did you have?—Two cups.A. How manyB. How muchC. WhatD. Which12. ______ does it take you to get to your school?A. How farB. How oftenC. How muchD. How long13. You must remember _______.A. what your teacher saidB. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said whatD. what has your teacher said14. It will be a long time _______ he _______ back from Berlin.A. when; will comeB. before; comesC. after; is comingD. since; comes15. Does it matter _______ it rains tomorrow?A. thatB. whatC. ifD. as16. —Do you remember _______ he came?—Yes, I do. He came by car.A. howB. whenC. thatD. if17. I want to know the day after tomorrow.A. what he will doB. what will he doC. what he didD. what did he did18. Professor Nelson wanted to know .A. when would the meeting beginB. when the meeting would beginC. when will the meeting beginD. when the meeting will begin19. —Tell him about the news when he .—Yes, I will.A. comesB. will comeC. would comeD. is coming20. —Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?—I was ill.A. SinceB. AsC. ForD. Because【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）1. It’s a beautiful stamp.A. quiteB. tooC. veryD. so2. The child isn’t old enough to himself.A. wearB. put onC. have onD. dress3. I am duty today.A. in B, at C. on D. for4. There is on Channel 6. Please try to find it.A. important somethingB. something importantC. important anythingD. anything important5. I asked him .A. which one did he like bestB. which one he liked bestC. which one he likes bestD. which one does he like best6. David Shanghai for more than three months.A. came toB. has been toC. has been inD. has come to7. Those questions are too difficult. I think can answer them.A. anyoneB. noneC. no oneD. everyone8. —How about the young lady?—It’s hard to say, but her voice beautiful.A. hearsB. listensC. sounds Dis sounded9. —Is Mr. Black really badly ill?—. She’s in hospital.A. I don’t think so.B. No, he isn’t.C. I don’ t hope so.D. I’m afraid so.10. I him to go there with me.A. wishB. hopeC. thinkD. let11. —Do you know ?—Yes, I do. She came here on foot.A. where Kate came fromB. how Kate came hereC. when Kate comes hereD. why Kate didn’t come here12. Don’t leave until he back.A. have comeB. comesC. will comeD. came13. —A latest English newspaper, please.—Only one copy left. Would you like to have , Sir?A. itB. oneC. thisD. that14. There are many big shops on side of the street.A. allB. bothC. anyD. either15. He told us all he had done in the past.A. /B. whatC. thatD. all above【试题答案】1~5 ADCBB 6~10 CCCDA 11~15 BBADD。