载重飞艇的适应性分析Applicability Analysis of Airship for Heavy Transporting北京航空航天大学贺卫亮Prof.He Weiliang,Beihang University,ChinaApril25,2008主要内容(outline)2飞艇的应用前景Prospect of Airship(1)点对点之间的直接运输Point to Point Transportation点对点直接运输是绝大多数海陆空运输工具所无法实现的方式,利用飞艇可以省略中间转运环节,在没有机场,也没有公路和河流的情况下,可以直接将货物运送到目的地。
Airship can fill the gap between conventional air transporting and truck marine modes,as they are normally operated at present.3飞艇的应用前景Prospect5载重飞艇的应用前景Prospect of Airship(2)大尺寸超重量的货物运输Oversized Heavy Loads针对超大尺寸的重载荷,通常的海陆空运输受到限制时,飞艇显示出巨大的优越性。
Airship transportation can achieve some functions which are incapable of using other transporting vehicle,especial for outsized indivisible loads that are too heavy or bulky for any other method.主要内容(outline)67为什么飞艇运输没有得到普及?Why does the airship transportation haven’t been popularized?(1)飞艇的安全性与可靠性的问题Safety &Reliability(2)社会对飞艇的认知程度Social cognizance 现代飞艇具有广泛的应用前景,首要问题是解决飞艇的局限性Even though the great prospect of airship,the application will depend on airship’s limitation.8⏹飞艇的事故与灾难—局限性的具体体现Airship’s accident is actuallyexhibition of its limitation⏹一系列的事故30年代前后的一系列事故导致飞艇的沦落A series of accident inabout 1930s ended the eraof airship.世界各国早期(20至30年代)的飞艇Airships flied in the period of 1920s and 1930sR 系列飞艇:R38,R80,R100,R101LZ 系列飞艇:LZ 127Graf Zeppelin ,LZ 129Hindenburg ,LZ 130Graf Zeppelin II 海军飞艇: R-1Shenandoah ,ZR-3LosAngeles,The Akron ,The Macon10⏹飞艇的事故与灾难—局限性的具体体现Airship’s accident is actually exhibition of its limitation ⏹民众的心理承受能力People’s psychological supportability飞艇如同现代的航天飞机、宇宙飞船和航空母舰一样,价格昂贵、体积庞大、数量极少、举世瞩目。
Very similar to modern space shuttle,manned spacecraft,and aircraft carrier,airship is also have special characteristics,such as very high cost,oversized configure,few amount,and well-known reputation.11Airship Space shuttle社会关注的焦点航天飞机没有达到预期的目的,2010年将推出历史舞台主要内容(outline)1213Well-known Disaster同等影响力的灾难14⏹载重飞艇的局限性Limitation of Airship ⏹1)受外界影响的局限性L imitation from Meteorology气象条件(风、雨、雪、雷电等)的影响,特别是受风的影响较大。
⏹2)飞艇本身飞行特性的局限性L imitation of Flight Performance飞行的机动性、可操纵性和着陆性能等等⏹3)社会性影响的局限性Limitation from Social Cognizance人们对飞艇的传统认识,对飞艇的期望以及对事故的承受能力15⏹载重飞艇的局限性limitation of airship⏹4)自身的防御能力Almost Have no Self-defence Ability几乎没有自身的防御能力(目标庞大、速度缓慢、机动性差等),同时,又不具备全天候的能力,因此,只能部分满足军事应用的需求⏹3)地面维护及保养困难Difficult to Maintenance and Repair地面需要建设庞大的艇库和锚泊场地;需要定期检测飞艇内部氦气的泄漏量主要内容(Outline)1617⏹载重飞艇的适应性Applicability of AHT与早期飞艇相比,现代飞艇具备的优势条件包括:Compared with previous airship,modern airships possess ◆现代化的材料;Modern material◆现代化的能源和动力;Modern energy and propellant ◆现代化的制造工艺;Modern manufacturing technology ◆现代化的导航与控制;Modern navigation and control ◆现代化的气象预报;Modern meteorologic forecast◆现代化的故障诊断技术Modern failure diagnosis technology ◆现代化的可靠性技术Modern reliability technology18(1)飞艇载重运输应该定位在现有海陆空运输方式的补充。
Airship heavy transporting should be located in filling the gap between conventional airtransporting and truck marine modes.(2)由于飞艇平台的设计和制造等技术已经在上世纪初期得到实现和验证,现代飞艇仅仅在此技术之上进行改进和更新,因此,气象保障将成为现代飞艇飞行的首要保障条件。
Meteorologic supporting should be the most important for AHT19气象保障需要建立和利用气象卫星、气象雷达等天空地一体化的气象保障系统。
对于突发性应急救灾等应用,必要时,可以设置若干小型领航飞艇,作为飞行保障。
Meteorologic supporting should be included those information integrated from satellite,radar,and other sensors both in air and on ground.只有在准确实时地气象预报的条件下,飞艇才能够充分发挥现代高科技的动力系统、导航控制系统的作用,合理规划飞行航迹,规避大风或雨雪等不利的天气,完成各种载重运输的需求。
Only after the meteorologic supporting,other subsystem,such as propellant,navigation,will be effective.20载重飞艇必定是大型或巨型飞艇,大型飞艇与中小型飞艇有着本质的区别。
对于大型载重飞艇,单纯的柔性结构几乎很难满足要求,而完全刚性的结构则抵消了一半以上的浮力。
因此,必须考虑采用半刚性结构的形式。
Airships for heavy transporting must be large configuration,they will be fully different from blimp.On the other hand,rigid airship will lost more than half buoyancy.Semi-rigid airship will be the first choice forheavy transporting.21半刚性载重飞艇结构设计的难度主要体现在系统设计和柔性结构的设计部分。
The difficulty design for semi-rigid airship will include system design and flexible structure.在柔性结构设计中,相似理论是不成立的。
这点在相应的柔性织物结构(包括气球、降落伞等结构)得以充分验证。
Similarity theory will not be suited for flexible fabric structure design.These have been proved in design for balloon and parachute.22由于柔性织物的结构受力形式无法满足相似理论。
因此,织物结构形式增大到一定程度时,织物单元的受力过程将达到极限,无法进一步增大载荷。
这时,可以考虑采用组合化设计的思路,由多个飞艇平台通过组合的形式进行载重运输。
It is difficult to design a large flexible fabric structure.Instead of a single configuration,multi-platform are suggested to airship for heavy transporting.23航空航天系统的组合结构事例Modular examples in aviation andaerospace.24模块化组合式载重飞艇由若干个半刚性的载重飞艇单元组成,飞艇单元可以是飞艇整体单元,也可以是飞艇中间或头尾段单元,每个单元本身就是一个半刚性的浮空器单元,安装有组合对接口,根据载重需要进行对接组合,组合方式无外乎三种形式,即并联、串联和混联方式。