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关于手卫生与职业安全课件

关于手卫生与职业安全
日本发生历史最大的一次瘟疫 -诺瓦克(norovirus)病毒
❖ 秋田市政府职员食用了一饭馆在11日至13日加工的外卖盒饭后,从12日起陆 续有52名职员出现呕吐和腹泻的中毒症状。在14日夜,当地卫生防疫部门检 测出了诺瓦克病毒。
❖ 大馆市日本大馆市也传出了当地8所中小学校内发生了集体食物中毒事件,共 有340多名师生出现了中毒症状。大馆市卫生防疫部门也在16日从14名中毒人 员的排泻物中检测出了诺瓦克病毒。
洗手和无菌隔离技术
❖触摸、插入、更换或包扎血管内导管的前、 后,均要洗手(IA)
❖插管或更换导管的覆盖物,均要戴手套 (IB)
❖ 单纯更换敷料,不建议使用无菌手套 (III)
Hand Hygiene: Not a New Concept
Maternal Mortality (%)
Maternal Mortality due to Postpartum Infection General Hospital, Vienna, Austria, 1841-1850
In 1846, Ignaz Semmelweis observed that women whose babies were delivered by students and physicians in the First Clinic at the General Hospital of Vienna consistently had a higher mortality rate than those whose babies were delivered by midwives in the Second Clinic.
第34届美国医院感染年会APIC
(2007.6.25~28, San Jose)
会议主题:蓄势勃发,革新感染预防
Get Plugged In to Innovation in Infection Prevention
15.01.20尽早更换或拔除 ❖做好日常导管护理工作 ❖手部卫生
After handling money
2005 21% (18%)
Q: I am going to read you a list of activities and I’d like you to tell me how often you make it a practice of washing your hands. How often do you wash your hands after…
Perhaps because of the known deodorizing effect of chlorine compounds, as of May 1847, he insisted that students and physicians clean their hands with a chlorine solution between each patient in the clinic. The maternal mortality rate in the First Clinic subsequently dropped dramatically and remained low for years.
18
Semmelweis’ Hand
16
Hygiene Intervention
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 1841
1842
1843
1844
❖ 2004年11月-2005年1月,日本报告236起集体性感染胃肠炎疫情,发 病7821人,其中查出感染诺沃克病毒者5371人,死亡12人。
对付“诺瓦克”的绝招——洗手再洗手
Hand Washing Habits
How Frequently Do Americans Say They Are Washing Their Hands?
我院某科室医院感染爆发
换能器内液体
医院感染中MRSA的检出率: 1975 - 1997
MRSA % 40
<200 beds 200-499 beds >500 beds
35 30
25
20
15
10
5
Year
0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97
Source: NNIS System Slide provided by Scott Fridkin, MD at CDC, HIP program
2005 77% (14%)
(Usually wash my hands)
After changing a diaper 2005
73%
(4%)
After coughing or sneezing
2005 32% (23%)
After using a public restroom
2005 91% (6%)
流行病学
❖ 1996-2000年,美国CDC报告了348起集体性诺沃克病毒性胃肠炎暴发 疫情,其中136起(39%)发生在饭店,101起(29%)发生在疗养院或 医院,42起(12%)发生在学校和托幼机构,还有10%发生在度假场所 和游船上。
❖ 近年来,集体性诺沃克病毒性胃肠炎暴发疫情在欧洲、亚洲、澳洲等 地也频频出现。
After petting a dog or cat
2005 42% (16%)
– Total Sample – Always wash my hands
After using the bathroom in your home 2005
83%
(10%)
Before handling or eating food
❖ 北海道上川町也发生了167名住宿在层云峡观光旅馆的观光客集体食物中毒的 情况 。
❖ 日本国立传染病研究所表示,根据全国约3000个医疗机构上报的数据统计, 截止到12月3日,全国共有65638人感染疫情,平均每个医疗机构收治21.77名 患者。根据各地的人口和病毒流行情况可推算出,以儿童为主的日本各地的 患者至少已经达到303万9千人 .
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