1.Balance of payments accounting: A country ' s balance of payments accounts accounts for its payments to and its receipts from foreigners. An international transaction involves two parties, and each transaction enters the accounts twice: once as a credit (+) and once as a debit (-).国际收支账户：一国的国际收支账户，记录的是该过对外国的支付和从外国获得收入的情况。
任何导致对外国人进行支付的交易，都计入国际收支账户的借方，并在前面加上一个负号（-）；任何导致从外国人那里获得收入的交易，都计入借方，并加上一个正号（+）2.Current account balance (exports minus imports): The difference between exports of goods and services and imports of goods and services经常项目余额：出口的商品和服务与进口的商品和服务之差3.The official settlements balance: The bookkeeping offset to the balanceof official reserve transactions官方结算余额：把用来抵消官方储备交易余额的登录，称为官方结算余额4.National saving (S): The portion of output (Y), that is not devoted to household consumption (C) , or government purchases (G).国民储备：是国民收入（Y）中没有用于家庭消费（C）或政府购买（G）的部分5.Appreciation is an increase in the value of a currency relative to another currency.升值：即以一种货币计价的另一种货币价格上升6.Exchange rate: The price of one currency in terms of another is called an exchange rate.汇率：用一种货币去替换另外一种货币的价格7.The real rate of return: The rate of return computed by measuring asset values in terms of some broad representative of products that savers regularly purchase.实际收益率：即用一些具有广泛代表性的、储蓄者经常购买的商品作为标准来计量资产价值进而计算出的收益率8.Forward exchange rates: The exchange rates quoted in the transactions which we can specify a value date to exchange in the future.远期汇率：外汇交易有时可以指定在未来一个时间上交割。
这一时间可以长达30天，90天，180 天升值数年，这种交易中所报的汇价称为远期汇率9.Spot Exchange rates: The exchange rates governing such "on-the-spot" trading are called spot exchange rates即期汇率：我们前面所讨论的外汇交易都是即期的：交易双方同意交换英航存款，并立即交割，这种即期交易的汇率被称为即期汇率，这是发生的交易被称为即期交易10.Interest parity condition: The condition that the expected returns on depositsof any two currencies are equal when measured in the same currency is called the interest parity condition.利率平价条件：用相同货币衡量的任意两种货币存款的预期收益率相等的条件11.Vehicle currency: Because of its pivotal role in so many foreign exchange deals, the dollar is sometimes called a vehicle currency.载体货币：因为美元在如此众多的外汇交易中发挥着中枢的作用，美元优势也被称为载体货币12.Aggregate money demand: aggregate money demand is the total demandfor money by all households and firms in the economy.is just the sum of all theeconomy's individual mone y demands.货币总需求：至经济中所有家庭和企业对货币总的需求，及经济中所有的个人货币需求之和.13.Money supply: the total amount of currency and checking deposits held by household and firms.货币供给：是指联邦储备系统所称的货币总量，即M1,包括家庭和企业持有的现金和支票存款总额14.Exchange rate overshooting: the exchange rate is said to overshoot whenits immediate response to a disturbanee is greater than its long-run response.汇率超调：当汇率对于货币波动的即刻反应超过的额长期反应时，我们称之为货币超调15.Fisher effect: The long-run relationship between inflation and interestrates, a rise in a country ' s expected inflation rate will eventually cause an equal rise in the in terest rate that depo sits of its curre ncy offer.Similarly, a fall in the expected inflation rate will eventually cause a fall in the in terest rate.费雪效应：在其他条件不变的情况下，若一国预期的同伙膨胀率上升，最终会导致该国货币存款利率的同比例上升。
同样，预期同伙膨胀率降低最终会导致利率水平的下降16. Law of one price: The low of one price states that in competitive marketsfree of transp ortatio n costs and official barriers to trade(such as tariffs),ide ntical goods sold in different countries must sell for the samep rice whe n their p rices are expr essed in terms of the same curre ncy.一价定律：在没有运输费用和官方贸易壁垒（例如关税）的自由竞争市场上,同样的货物在不同国家出售，按同一货币计量的价格应该是一样的17. Nominal interest rate: when we wish to differentiate a real exchangerate, which is the relative p rice of two out put baskets, from a relative p rice of two curre ncies, we will refer to the latter as a nominal excha nge rate.名义利率：两种货币的相对价格18. Purchasing power parity(PPP): the theory of purchasing power parity states that the exchange rate between two countries ' currencies equals ther atio of the countries ' price levels.购买力平价理论：两国货币的汇率等于两国价格水平之比。
19 . Real exchange rate: the real exchange rate between two countriescurre ncies is a broad summary measure of the p rices of one countryand services relative to the other 实际汇率：两国货币之间的实际利率是已过商品和劳务价格相对于另一国商品 的劳务价格的一个概括性度量标准20. Relative PPP: states that the p erce ntage cha nge in the excha nge rate betwee n two curre ncies over any p eriod equals the differe nee betwee n the p erce ntage cha nges in n ati onal p rice levels.相对购买力平价：在任何一点时间内，两种货币汇率变化的百分比将等于同一 时期两国国内价格水平变化的百分比之差21. AA schedule: The schedule of excha nge rate and out put comb in ati ons that are consistent with equilibrium in the domestic money market and the foreign 's goods s.excha nge market is called the AA schedule.AA 曲线：国内货币市场和外汇市场的均衡条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合成为AA 曲线。