2012英语专业英美文学模拟试题二1. Define the following literary terms (40/150,10×4):1. Ahab as in Moby Dick2. Heathcliff as in Wuthering Heights3. Tess Durbeyfield4. Imagism5. Lady Macbeth6. Realism7. Romanticism8. Neoclassicism9. Allegory10. ConflictII. Literary Analysis (30/150, 2×15)1. Summarize Ernest Hemingway's literary achievements.2. Briefly introduce Ezra Pound’s view on the Imagist poetry.III. Questions about Literary Works. (80/150, 8×10)1. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou are more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow' stNor shall Death brag thou wand’rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow' stSo long as men can breathe or eyes can seeSo long live this, and this gives life to thee.a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b. What kind of sonnet is employed in the selection? What are the features of this kind of sonnet?c. Comment on the theme of the poem.2. To be, or not to be---that is the question;Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die, to sleep—No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummationDevoutly to be wished.a. From which work is this passage selected? And who is the author of this work?b. What literary form does this work belong to? What metrical form is used in this work?c. What is the hero of this work? What spiritual mood does this passage reveal abut the hero?3. A Voyage to Lilliput] As to the first, you are to understand, that for above seventy moons past, there have been two struggling parties in this empire, under the names of Tramecksan, and Slamecksan, from the high and low heels on their shoes, by which they distinguish themselves.It is allaged indeed, that the high heels are most agreeable to our ancient constitution: but however this be, his Majesty hath determined to make use of only low heels in the administration of the Government, and all offices in the gift of the Crown; as you cannot but observe; and particularly his Majesty’s imperial heels are lower at least by a druur than any of his court (drurr is a measure about the fourteenth part of an inch.) The animosities between these two parties run so high, that they will neither eat nor drink, nor talk with each other. […] It is allowed on all hands, that the primitive way of breaking eggs before we eat them, was upon the larger end: but his present Majesty’s grand-father, while he was a boy, going to eat an egg, and breaking it according to the ancient practice, happened to cut one of his finger, whereupon the emperor his father, published an edict, commanding all his subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller end of their eggs.a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b. What is the theme of this work?c. What are the four parts of the work? How are four organic parts are structured in the work?4. By this time Mrs. Morel was trembling violently. Struggling of this kind often took place between her and her son, when she seemed to fight for his very life against his own will to die. He took her in his arms. She was ill and pitiful."Never mind, Little/' he murmured. " So long as you don't feel life's paltry and a miserable business, the rest doesn't matter, happiness or unhappiness."She pressed him to her."But I want you to be happy," she said pathetically.Eh, my dear---say rather you want me to live,"Mrs. Morel felt as if her heart would break for him. At this rate she knew he would not live. He had that poignant carelessness about himself, his own suffering, his own life., which is a form of slow- suicide. It almost broke her heart. With all the passion of her strong nature she hated Miriam for having in this subtle way undermine his joy. It did not matter to her that Miriam could not help it. Miriam did it, and she hated her.a. From what work is-this passage Selected ? Who is the author of this work?b. What is the name of the hero of this work? What is the relationship between the hero, Mrs. Morel and Miriam?c. What literary method is used in this work? Comment the relationship between the hero and Mrs. Morel by using Freud's-theory..5. But the point which drew all eyes, and, as it were, transfigured the wearer, —so that both men and women, who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impressed as if they beheld her for the first time, —was that scarlet letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself.a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b. Comment on the symbolic meaning of the letter the heroine wears.c. What is the theme of the work?6. I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I know I could pray now. But I didn't do it straight oft, but laid the paper down and set there thinking----thinking how good it was all this happened so, and how near. I come to being lost and going to hell. And went on thinking. And got to thinking over our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me, all the time, in the day, and in the night-time, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we a floating along, talking, and singing, and laughing. But somehow I couldn't seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only other kind. I'd see him standing my watch on top of his'n stead of calling me, so I could go on sleeping; and see him how gland he was when I come back out of the fog …..It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because I'd got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself:"All right, then. I'll go to hell ----and tore it up.a. From which novel is this passage selected? Who is the author of this book?b. What period does this author roughly belong to? What is the common feature of the literature in this period?c. What content does this passage reveal? What event happened before this plot?7. Caroline, or Sister Carrie, as she had been half affectionately termed by the family, was possessed of a mind rudimentary in its power of observation and analysis. Self-interest with her was high, but not strong. It was, nevertheless, her guiding characteristic.a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b. Comment on the heroine of the work?c. Which literary trend does the author belong to? What are the features of this literary trend?8. Because Biff thinks I'm nothing, see, and so he spites me. But the funeral—Straightening up... that funeral will be massive! They'll come from Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire! All the oldtimers with the strange license plates—that boy will be thunder-struck....because he never realized—I am known! Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey—I am known....and he'll see it with his eyes once and-for all. He'll see what I am...He's in for a shock, that boy.a. What work is this passage selected from? Who is the author of this work?b. Who is the hero of this work? What does he intend to do at the moment?c. What is the theme of this work?答案：1. Define the following literary terms1. Ahab as in Moby Dick Ahab is the tyrannical captain of the Pequod who is driven by a monomaniacal desire to kill Moby Dick, the whale that maimed him on the previous whaling voyage. Although he is a Quaker, he seeks revenge in defiance of his religion's well-known pacifism. Ahab's name comes directly from the Bible2. Heathcliff as in Wuthering Heights Heathcliff is a fictional character in the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. Owing to the novel's enduring fame and popularity, he is often regarded as an archetype of the tortured Romantic Byronic hero whose all-consuming passions destroy both himself and those around him. Heathcliff can abuse, neglect and scorn of those with whom he grows up render him abusive, neglectful and scornful.3. Tess Durbeyfield, the protagonist in Tess of the d'Urbervilles. The eldest daughter in a poor rural working family; a fresh, well-developed country girl who looks markedly more mature than she is. Despite being, in Hardy's view, a truly good woman, she is despised by society after losing her virginity before marriage.4. Imagism——Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. This was in contrast to their contemporaries, the Georgian poets, who were by and large content to work within that tradition. Group publication of work under the Imagist name appearing between 1914 and 1917 featured writing by many of the most significant figures in Modernist poetry in English, as well as a number of other Modernist figures prominent in fields other than poetry.5. Lady Macbeth is a fictional character in Shakespeare's Macbeth (c.1603–1607). She is the wife to the play's protagonist, Macbeth, a Scottish nobleman. After goading him into committing regicide, she becomes Queen of Scotland, but later suffers pangs of guilt for her part in the crime. She dies off-stage in the last act, an apparent suicide.6. Realism, Realist or Realistic are terms that describe any manifestation of philosophical realism, the belief that reality exists independently of observers, whether in philosophy itself or in the applied arts and sciences. In this broad sense it is frequently contrasted with Idealism.Realism in the arts concerns the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life. Political realism is a dominant school of thinking within the international relations discipline that prioritizes national interest and security over ideology, moral concerns and social reconstructions.7. Romanticism Romanticism (or the Romantic Era) was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and natural history.8. A revival in the 17th agogo of order, balance, and harmony in literature.9. Allegory is a figurative mode of representation conveying meaning other than the verbal. Allegory communicates its message by means of symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation. Allegory is generally treated as a figure of rhetoric, but an allegory does not haveto be expressed in language: briefly, an allegory is a device used to present an idea, principle or meaning, which can be presented in literary form, such as a poem or novel, or in visual form, such as in painting or drawing. As a literary device, an allegory in its most general sense is an extended metaphor. As an artistic device, an allegory is a visual symbolic representation.10. A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. Usually the events of the story are all related to the conflict, and the conflict is resolved in some way by the story’s end.II. Literary Analysis1. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 –July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and public image. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway's fiction was successful because the characters he presented exhibited authenticity that resonated with his audience. Many of his works are classics of American literature. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime;a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.Hemingway's legacy to American literature is his style: writers who came after him emulated it or avoided it. After his reputation was sealed with the publication of The Sun Also Rises, he became the spokesperson for the post–World War I generation, having established a style to follow. His books were burned in Berlin in 1933, "as being a monument of modern decadence", and disavowed by his parents as "filth". Reynolds asserts the legacy is that "he left stories and novels so starkly moving that some have become part of our cultural heritage." In a 2004 speech at the John F. Kennedy Library, Russell Banks declared that he, like many male writers of his generation, was influenced by Hemingway's writing philosophy, style, and public image. Conversely, as early as the 1930s Hemingway's style was parodied, and criticized as "lazy" within the context of the "American literary tradition."2. Although Imagism isolates objects through the use of what Ezra Pound called "luminous details", Pound's Ideogrammic Method of juxtaposing concrete instances to express an abstraction is similar to Cubism's manner of synthesizing multiple perspectives into a single image. Pound's note opened with a definition of an image as "that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time". Pound goes on to state that "It is better to present one Image in a lifetime than to produce voluminous works". 1. Direct treatment of the "thing" whether subjective or objective.III. Questions about Literary Works.1. a.Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected. Sonnet 18 William Shakespeareb.What kind of sonnet is employed in the selection? What are the features of this kind of sonnet? Shakespearian sonnet written in iambic pentameter. Rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef ggment on the theme of the poem.In the sonnet, the speaker compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. He also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of thepoem.2. a. From which work is this passage selected? And who is the author of this work? Hamlet William Shakespeareb. What literary form does this work belong to? What metrical form is used in this work? Sonnet Shakespearian sonnetc. What is the hero of this work? What spiritual mood does this passage reveal about the hero? Hamlet, princeHe hesitates in making decisions3. a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travelsb. What is the theme of this work? a satirical view of the state of European government, and of petty differences between religions.an inquiry into whether men are inherently corrupt or whether they become corrupted.a restatement of the older "ancients versus moderns" controversy previously addressed by Swift in The Battle of the Booksc. Part I: A V oyage to Lilliput and Blefuscu Part II: A V oyage to Brobdingnag Part III: A V oyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan Part IV: A V oyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms Four parts discuss different aspects of society and form an integral whole.4. a. From what work is this passage selected? Who is the author of this work? Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrenceb. What is the name of the hero of this work? What is the relationship between the hero, Mrs. Morel and Miriam?Paul Morel. Mrs. Morel is his mother while Miriam is his girlfriend.c. What literary method is used in this work? Comment the relationship between the hero and Mrs. Morel by using Freud's-theory. Symbolism Oedipus complex. Paul Morel has a subtle love for his mother.5. a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected. Nathaniel Hawthorne Pride and Prejudiceb. Comment on the symbolic meaning of the letter the heroine wears. Adultery—ability—angelc. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge—specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be immortal. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as "her passport into regions where other women dared not tread", leading her to "speculate" about her society and herself more "boldly" than anyone else in New England.As for Dimmesdale, the "cheating minister", his sin gives him "sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his chest vibrate[s] in unison with theirs." His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.6. a. From which novel is this passage selected? Who is the author of this book? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twainb. What period does this author roughly belong to? What is the common feature of the literature in this period?Realism This school tends to depict reality as it is without providing much embellishmentC . What content does this passage reveal? What event happened before this plot?Huck hesitates whether to report the escape of Jim, a black slave, to his owner. Finally he quits and feels relaxed.7. a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected. The Great Gatsby F.a Scott. Fitzgeraldb. Comment on the heroine of the work? Daisy Buchanan née Fay—an attractive and effervescent, if shallow young woman; Nick's second cousin, once removed; and the wife of Tom Buchanan.Gatsby does everything to win her back but in vain.c. Which literary trend does the author belong to? What are the features of this literary trend?Naturalism Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment.8. a. What work is this passage selected from? Who is the author of this work? Death of a Salesman Arthur Millerb. Who is the hero of this work? What does he intend to do at the moment? Willy Lowman He intends to commit suicide to cheat the insurance money.c. What is the theme of this work? It is related to the shattering of the American dream and the poor conditions of the people in the lower level of the society.凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。