Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreignexchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific dutyb. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
2.Trade may occur because of economies of scale, that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production.贸易可能源于规模经济，即大规模生产带来的成本优势。
3.Visible trade refers to exports and imports of goods, while invisible trade refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries.有形贸易即产品的进出口，而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。
4. If a country’s exports exceed its imports, it has a trade surplus and the trade balance issaidto be positive. If imports exceed exports, the country has a trade deficit and its tradebalance is said to be negative.如果出口大于进口，即为贸易顺差，称为出超；如果进口大于出口，则为贸易逆差，称为入超。
5. A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country.关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税，关境通常就是国境。
6. A quota is a limitation in value or in physical terms, imposed on import and export of certain goods for a certain period of time.配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。
7. 各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预(government intervention)。