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Objectives, methods and subjects
Objective: • To describe the distribution of cancer in
population, space and time. • To explore the risk factors related to
discipline • measures used to describe the frequency
of cancer occurrence • measures used to describe the
relationship between risk factors and cancer • designs of descriptive, analyt
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Study feature
• Subjects are Population including patients, high risk population and health population.
• A whole disease process: exposure to risk factors, precancerous status, latent patients and clinical patients
Rural physician
City center
Town hospital workers
Police Population
data
CDC Death data
Confirmation follow
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Statistical measures
• Incidence rate=new cases of cancer/average population • Mortality rate=deaths of cancer/average population • Prevalence rate=cases of cancer/examine population • Standardize rate (adjusted rate)
Data source • Cancer registry (incidence) • Death surveillance (mortality) • Retrospective mortality survey
(mortality) • Cancer census (prevalence)
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肿瘤流行病学
Definition
Cancer epidemiology is an applied discipline to study the distribution of cancer in population and to explore the etiology and prevention measure of cancer.
• Research content include host, cause and environment.
• Epidemiological study mainly belong to an observational study.
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Descriptive epidemiology
• The results of cancer registry will supply a reference for health strategy, diagnosis of disease and epidemiologic study 2020/12/10
Structure of cancer registry
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Cancer Burden
• Cancer is first death in most western countries • 10.9 million new cancer cases, 6.7 million
deaths from cancer and 22 million cancer prevalent cases in 2002 in whole world • 1.8~2 million new cancer cases and 1.4~1.5 million deaths from cancer in 2000 in China Deaths from cancer occupy 20% of all deaths • The cost of treatment for cancer is more than 50 billion RMB per year
cancer epidemic. • To prevent and to control cancer
epidemic.
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Objectives, methods and subjects
Methods: • Epidemiology also is a methodological
Cancer registry
• Cancer registry is a system to regularly collect, maintain and analyze the data of cancer incidence and mortality
• Cancer registry is a base of all other cancer research and prevention projects
Cancer frequency is related to age and different populations have different age structure so that crude rates are not comparable • Cumulated rate is a summation of all age-specific rates