数词一、本周内容概述表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。
数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。
二、重点知识归纳及讲解(一)基数词1.13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。
注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。
2.20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。
3.其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。
如: 81 eighty-one。
4.101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。
如: 691 six hundred and ninety-one。
5.1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。
如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。
在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。
7.多位数的读法:1)1000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。
即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。
第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。
2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。
读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要加and。
如:888,000,000读作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。
(二)、基数词的用法1.基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目。
在这种情况下,表示单位的基数词(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在词尾加-s。
例如:two hundred students 二百个学生five thousand years 五千年2.基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目,在这种情况下,表示单位的基数词词尾加-s,要与of短语连用。
3.基数词在句中的作用基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,它在句子中可充当主语,宾语,表语和定语。
例如:Three and five is eight. 3+5=8主语表语How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?I want eight. 我要八个。
宾语There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。
定语(三)序数词表示顺序的词,叫序数词。
序数词用来表示数词顺序。
除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。
1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式,要注意它们的拼写。
2.表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。
3.其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。
如:fifty-first(第五十一)。
4.少数序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)等。
注意:1.序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。
例如:第一:(the) first=1 st第二:(the) second=2 nd第三:(the) third=3 rd第五:(the) fifth=5th第九十七:(the) ninety-seventh=97 th第一百零一:(the) one hundred (and)first=101st2.编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。
例如:第一课:Lesson One第三十二页:Page 32第305房间:Room 305第12路公共汽车:Bus No.12五、序数词的用法序数词和基数词一样,也能起名词或形容词作用,在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
例如:The first is bigger than the second. 第一个比第二个大。
主语Give me the first. 把第一个给我。
宾语She’s often the first to go to school. 她经常第一个去上学。
表语We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. 我们将要学习第八课。
定语六、年、月、日和时间的表达法1.年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。
例如:1999 nineteen ninety-nine2000 two thousand2001 two thousand and one2.月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。
例如:一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月April(Apr.),五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。
3.日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。
例如:在6月1日:on June 1 st 读作:on June the first.年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。
例如:在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。
4.年代用基数词的复数表示。
例如:20世纪90年代:nineteen nineties21世纪20年代:twenty twenties5.时间表达法:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。
例如:顺读法倒读法5:00 five (o’clock)6:18 six eighteen, eighteen past six12:15 twelve fifteen, fifteen (a quarter) past twelve4:30 four thirty, half past four5:50 five fifty ,ten to six6:45 six forty-five a quarter to seven注意:1)表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接o’clock (也可不加)。
表达“几点几分”时,绝不能用o’clock。
2)表达“15分”或“45分”时,常用quarter(刻)。
3)在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。
例如:8:20 twenty past eight8:40 twenty to nine6.分数的表达法1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词。
分子大于1时,分母用复数。
2)小数的读法:小数点前面的数按照基数词的读法,小数点后面的数按照数本身读,小数点读point。
例如:0.38 zero point three eight96.89 ninety-six point eight nine3)百分数,在数词后加percent。
例如:15%读作:fifteen percent60%读作:sixty percent7.表示语数1)…几倍大小(长短,数量)=…几倍(或分数)+the size(length, amount)。
例如:The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
2)…比…几倍=…倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比部分。
例如:His house is three times bigger than mine.他的房子比我的房子大三倍。
3)…是…倍=…倍数(或分数)+as +形容词+as +被比部分。
例如:This factory is four times as big as that one.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。
8.表示约数1)“多于”用more than或over。
例如:The street is over(more than) 500 metres long.这条街有500多米长。
2)“小于”用less than。
例如:Three are less than 30 people in the classroom.教室里不到三十人。
3)“或…以上”用or more。
例如:The building can hold 5000 people or more.那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。
4)“或…以下”用or less。
例如:We can finish the work in two weeks or less.我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。
5)“大约”用about, around, nearly等。
例如:The box weighs about 50 pounds.这箱子重约50镑。
6)“左右”用or so.例如:In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot.在过去的十年里,他们改变了许多。
三、随堂监测A组I. 写出下列基数词相应的序数词:1. one __________2. two _________3. three _________4.five ________5. eight __________6. nine _________7. twelve _________8. twenty __________9. thirty-one __________ 10. forty-four ___________ 11. fifty-seven ____________ II. 把下列短语译成英语:1. 第12课 ________________________2. 304号房间 _______________________3. 半小时 ________________________4. 每日三次 _______________________5. 第25页 _______________________6. 20世纪90年代 ___________________7. 4路公共汽车 _____________________8. 第15中学 _____________________9. 21世纪 _________________________ 10. 两吨半 ______________________ 11. 差一刻三点 _____________________ 12. 第二册 ________________________ 13. 在他五十几岁时 ___________________ 14. 二年级八班 ____________________ 15. 10:45 _____________________________ 16. 第十五单元 ____________________ 17. 第三册第十三课 _______________________ 18. 三分之一 __________________19. 三百英镑 _________________________ 20. 1994年3月22日 __________________四、随堂监测B组III. 选择填空:1. 333 reads ___________.A. three hundred and thirty threeB. three hundreds and thirty-threeC. three hundred and thirty-threeD. three hundred thirty-three2. The _______ month of the year is February.A. oneB. firstC. twoD. second3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______.A. the ninthB. the ninethC. nineD. ninth4. It took me _______ to finish my homework.A. a half and two hourB. two hour and a halfC. two and a half hourD. two and a half hours5. December is the _______ month of the year.A. twelveB. twelvethC. twelviethD. twelfth6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes7. There are _______ seconds in a minute.A. fourtyB. fortyC. sixteenD. sixty8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning.A. half past sixB. six past halfC. past half sixD. halfsix past9. December ______ is Christmas.A. twenty-fiveB. the twenty-fifthC. the twentieth-fiveD.twentieth-fifth10. There are _____ stars in the universe.A. millionsB. million ofC. millions ofD. million11. Monday is the _______ day of the week.A. twoB. secondC. threeD. third12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago.A. half a hourB. half an hourC. an half hourD. a halfhours13. There are _____ students in their school.A. nine hundredB. nine hundredsC. nine hundred ofD. ninehundreds of14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ Lesson.A. hundred of, FifthB. a hundred of, FivethC. hundreds of, FifthD. hundreds of, Fiveth15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term.A. nine hundreds and forty-fiveB. nine hundreds of andforty-fiveC. nine hundred and forty-fiveD. nine hundred and fourty-fiveIV. 中考题集:1. About ______ people are in the People’s Park at weekends.A. two hundredsB. two hundreds ofC. two hundredD.hundred of2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝) should be _____higher thandownstream (下游).A. sixty-five meterB. sixty-fifth meterC. sixty-five metersD.sixty-fifth meters3. In our school several _____ students are able to search the Internet for usefulinformation now.A. hundred ofB. hundreds forC. hundredD.hundreds4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age.How old am I?A. 21B. 22C. 23D. 245. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _______.A. July 1, 1921B. October 1, 1949C. August 1, 1927D. May1, 19226. Look at the menu:SNACKSHamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.How much will he pay?A. Five dollars and sixty cents.B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.C. Three dollars and sixty cents.D. Two dollars.7. --- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two _______.A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of8. The film star is going to spend ______ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.A. three thousandsB. thousands ofC. thousand ofD. three thousands of9. There are ______ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.A. thousandB. two thousandC. two thousandsD. two thousands of10. --- How many teachers are there in your school? --- ________, but I’m not sure.A. HundredsB. HundredC. Hundreds ofD. One hundred11. I think ______ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. fiveB. fifthC. the fifthD. fifteen1. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year.A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds ofC. Five hundredsD. Hundred2. The Games of ______ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing.A. 29B. the 29C. 29thD. the 29th3. Fan Zhiyi’s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused______ Chinese people’s interest.A. thousand ofB. thousandC. thousands ofD. thousands4. About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.A. two hundred ofB. two hundreds ofC. two hundredD. two hundreds5. --- Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? --- No. I think we need ______men.A. anotherB. two othersC. more twoD. two more6. --- Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?--- Yes, it is _____________.A. 85662B. 85626C. 58662D. 586267. There’re ______ students in our grade.A. hundreds ofB. three hundreds ofC. three hundredsD. three hundreds’8. ______ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _______ of them arewomen workers.A. The number, first thirdB. The number, one thirdC. A number, halfD. A number, three quarters9. _______ Germans come to visit China every year.A. Thousands ofB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Two thousand1、写出以下数字的序数词一,二,三,五,九,十二,20,342、写出一—十二月份:3、选择填空:1.Could you tell us how to read the number 18,306,211?A.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousands, two hundredelevenB.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousand, two hundred andelevenC.eighteen millions, three hundred six thousands, two hundreds andelevenD.eighteen thousand, three hundred and six, two hundred eleven2.Shakespeare was born in ______A.1660sB.1660’sC.the 1660sD.the 1660’s3.Bill said they were going to have _____ holiday。