During experiments aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which long-chain carbon molecules are formed in interstellar space and circumstellar shells1, graphite has been vaporized by laser irradiation, producing a remarkably stable cluster consisting of 60 carbon atoms. Concerning the question of what kind of 60-carbon atom structure might give rise to a superstable species, we suggest a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal. This object is commonly encountered as the football shown in Fig. 1. The C60 molecule which results when a carbon atom is placed at each vertex of this structure has all valences satisfied by two single bonds and one double bond, has many resonance structures, and appears to be aromatic.
石墨烯在新能源中的应用
•石墨烯（Graphene）是一种由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料。是一种由碳原子 •以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的平面薄膜，只有一个碳原子厚度的二维材料.
由于石墨烯实质上是一种透明、良好的导体，用来制 造透明触控屏幕、光板、甚至是太阳能电池。

石墨烯的问世引起了全世界的研究热潮。它是已知 材料中最薄的一种，质料非常牢固坚硬，在室温状 况，传递电子的速度比已知导体都快。石墨烯的原 子尺寸结构非常特殊，必须用量子场论才能描绘。

石墨烯卷轴

碳纳米管与石墨烯，两种刚刚兴起的碳的同素异形体， 在很多方面有着相似的性质。但两种材料不同的空间构 型又使他们具体各自独特的性质。
Байду номын сангаас
澳大利亚科学家用石墨烯制造出了一种更致密的超 级电容，其使用寿命可与传统电池相媲美，且能量 密度为现有超级电容的12倍，可广泛应用于可再生 能源存储、便携式电子设备以及电动汽车等领域。