• Nathaniel Hawthorne (born; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer.
• 但是这个“几乎不进教堂的霍桑”又是清 教的半个叛逆者。他的第一代祖先就是一 位清教元老，曾鞭打异端的女教徒。他的 第二代祖先就是前面提到过的在塞勒姆 “女巫审判案”中把犯人绞死的三个主要 法官之一[14]101。清教的这些极端做法到 了19世纪依然无有收敛。
depicting • VI Theme—Sin, Redemption and Tolerance • VII The Employment of Symbolism • VIII The artistic truths
Main Characters
• Hester Prynne • Arthur Dimmesdale • Pearl • Roger Chillingworth • From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • A-- Adultery
• The Scarlet Letter (1850) is a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is considered his magnum opus[1](巨著）. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores themes of legalism（条文主义，教条主 义）, sin, and guilt.
• Much of Hawthorne's writing centers around New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Frananiel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne. He later changed his name to "Hawthorne", adding a "w" to dissociate from relatives including John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College and graduated in 1825; his classmates included future president Franklin Pierce and future poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
A Critical Approach to The Scarlet Letter
• I Background • II Prototype Analysis • III Psychological Analysis • IV Powerful Conflicts Of Flesh and Soul • V Aesthetic Evaluation of Poetic landscape
• Hawthorne anonymously published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, leaving behind his wife and their three children.
Soil, Climate, the Spiritual Atmosphere
I Background
• A fervent religious writer， but not a puritan in a strict sense, though his fathers being Puritan Elite.