高考英语语法精要讲解名词、数词、冠词一、名词1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：名词的数：单数、复数和不可数；名词的格：通格和属格（'s ）名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或其它限定词，例如： some, many , this, my 等2、名词的数和单位词：1）复型名词 + 复数动词The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.备用词： shoes, stockings, glasses, socksNOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.2）复型名词 + 单数动词A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying....备用词：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United StatesB. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.备用词： five pounds, two feet, six weeks3) 集合名词 + 复数名词The police have surrounded the building.Cattle are selling for record price (创记录）.备用词： the enemy, (the) peopleNOTICE: 表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用，但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.The family which now consists of four members at most issmaller than it used to be.4)不可数名词作可数的情况A. 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况a (an) + adj. + n.It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲）a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.备用词： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, educationB.口语特例（特定场合）A (One) beer, please.Two teas and four coffees, please.5)既是可数又是不可数的名词I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）备用词： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(灯);ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(鸡肉) / a chicken (雏鸡)6) 单位词A.个数a piece of information (furniture, advice...)B. 以形状表示个数a grain of rice, a flight of stairsC. 容量a box of matches, a cup of teaD. 计量a metre of cloth, a ton of coalE.其它a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)3、名词的格：1）' s 的用法A . 与时间有关的名词a night's sleep ten minutes' walkNOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hours'walkB. 和else 连用...book can this be? A. Who else's B. Whose elseC. Who's elseD. Whose else's (A)C. 's 修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略This is Jack's book, not Tom's.This book is Jack's not Tom's.D. 表示店、铺、家、诊所等， 's 后面的名词省略at the Green's (house), at the doctor's (office)2) OF 结构表示所有关系A. 无生命的名词用ofthe price of the successB. 有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用ofCan't you look at the book of the boy behind you?3)双重所有格's 与of结构并用，此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a, an, two, some,that等Miss Smith is a friend of Mary's mother's.that brother of the girl4)名词 + 名词（名词用作形容词）A. 单数名词＋名词 a shoe (flower) shop ticket officeNOTICE: the tailor's (shop)B. 复数名词＋名词sports meet clothes shop women pilots二、数词1、数词在使用时应注意的问题：* 易错数词：* 年月日及介词* 计算用词* 和数字相关的词2、综合1) 数字表达：123,856,709one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred andfifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine2) 年月日 in the morning; on the morning of September 1;in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)3、计算＋ Six and five is (are) eleven.Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.－ Four from seven is (leaves) three.Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.X 16 x 11 = 176Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3Nine divided by three equals three....01、(全国卷I'31) -Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? -I don't mind where we get ___ there's sun, sea and beach.A. as ifB. as long asC. now thatD. in order that02、(全国卷I'32) The weather was ______ cold that I didn't like to leave my room.A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so03、(全国卷II'07) A small car is big enough for a family of three____ you need more space for baggage.A. onceB. becauseC. ifD. unless04、(北京卷'23) -Did you return Fred's call? -I didn't need to ____I'll see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because05、(北京卷'34) I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'llstill be some time ____ Brian get back.A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after06、(上海春卷'35) Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow______ I forgetA. thoughtB. so thatC. in caseD. until07、(上海春卷'36) _______this is only a small town, it's crowded with tourists who come here all year round.A. SinceB. UnlessC. OnceD. Although、(上海卷'31)-Are you ready for Spain ? ---- Yes , I want the girlsto experience that ___ they are young .A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before09、(上海卷'40) _____ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. Although10、(天津卷' 01) We'll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it's very cold.A. sinceB. ifC. unlessD. until11、(重庆卷' 33) All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however12、(辽宁卷' 28)______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. However13、(辽宁卷' 32)I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.A. onceB. whenC. sinceD. although14、(山东卷' 31)You'd better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.A. even ifB. whichC. whereD. so that15、(江西卷'34)Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.A. in whichB. for whichC. so thatD. in that16、(安徽卷'31) -----Do you have a minute? I've got something to tell you. -----Ok, ____ you make it short.A. now thatB. if onlyC. so long asD. every time17、(浙江卷'16)Don't promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.A. whetherB. afterC. howD. unless18、(湖南卷'33)_____ the Internet is of great help. I don't thinkit's a good idea to spend too much time on it.A. IfB. WhileC. BecauseD. As19、(四川卷'01)I haven't seen Ann for ____ long that I've forgotten what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too20、(四川卷'06)There were some chairs left over _____ everyone hadsat down.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where21、(福建卷'28) Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where年高考英语试题分类汇编：倒装句01、(上海卷'39) So much of interest _____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offers02、(重庆卷' 26)Only when I left my parents for Italy how much Iloved them.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize ...03、(辽宁卷' 35)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.A. I was neitherB. neither was IC. I was eitherD. either was I04、(江苏卷' 32)______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will05、(江西卷'31)It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would be residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted06、(陕西卷'07) Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairingand cleaning it.A. he stoppedB. did he stopC. stopped heD. he did stop年高考英语试题分类汇编：强调句01、(全国卷II' 20) It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. thatB. howC. whichD. when02、(天津卷' )It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC. thatD. where03、(重庆卷' 22)It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A. thatB. whenC. whileD. as年高考英语试题分类汇编：插入、省略句01、(全国卷I' 22)-What fruit is in season now? -Pears and apples,______.A. I knowB. I thinkC. I seeD. I feel02、(安徽卷'32) -----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?----- Yes, _____, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A. If everB. If busyC. If anythingD. If possible年高考英语试题分类汇编：并列句、反意疑问句、感叹句01、(全国卷II' 13) Stand over there ___ you'll be able to see theoil painting better.A. butB. tillC. andD. or02、(上海春卷' 30) You didn't use to like him much when we were at school ,_______?A. were weB. weren't weC. did youD. didn't you03、(重庆卷' 32) The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.A. andB. orC. butD. so04、(江苏卷' 27) It is often said that the joy of traveling is __ in arriving at your destination __ in the journey itself.A. 不填；butB. 不填；orC. not; orD. not; but05、(湖南卷'23)I thought we'd be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.A. butB. orC. soD. for06、(湖南卷'24)_____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about Firefighting.A. Having searchedB. To searchC. SearchingD. Search07、(四川卷'12)In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children.A. butB. whileC. becauseD. though年高考英语试题分类汇编：情景交际01、(全国卷I' 35) -Sorry, I made a mistake again.- ______. Practice more and you'll succeed.A. Never mindB. Certainly notC. Not at allD. Don't mention it02、(全国卷II' 06) -Do you know Anna's telephone number?-- ____. As a matter of fact, I don't know any Anna, either....A. I think soB. I'm afraid notC. I hope soD. I'd rather not03、(全国卷II' 10) --- Could I ask you a rather personal question?--- Sure, ____.A. pardon meB. go aheadC. good ideaD. forget it04、(天津卷' 03)---- I just can't stop worrying about the result of the job interview.----_____. There's nothing you can do now but wait.A. RelaxB. Go aheadC. Go for itD. Good luck05、(天津卷' 09)----How much do I owe you for lunch? ----______. It's nothing.A. You're welcomeB. Forget itC. With pleasureD. That's right06、(重庆卷' 28)---May I ask a question after class, Sir? --- , but not during my lunch break.A. I'm sorryB. AnytimeC. certainlyD. Go ahead07、(重庆卷' 34) ---I am afraid I can't return the book to you before Friday. --- .A. Don't be afraidB. Be carefulC. Not at allD. Take your time、(辽宁卷' 21) -Did you have a good time in Thailand last week?-______, it was too hot.A. No! reallyB. Yeah, why notC. Oh, greatD. You're right09、(辽宁卷' 34)-My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you? -______.A. If you don't mindB. Not at allC. Take it easyD. Nice to meetyou10、(山东卷' 30)-Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday? -______, Bob, but I promised Mary I'd go with her.A. My pleasureB. ThanksC. Take it easyD. Forget it11、(江苏卷' 22)-Do you mind if I record your lecture?-______. Go ahead.A. Never mindB. No wayC. Not at allD. No. You'd better not12、(江苏卷' 25)-I can't repair these until tomorrow, I'm afraid.-That's OK, there's ______.A. no problemB. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry13、(江苏卷' 26)-It shouldn't take long to clear up after the partyif we all volunteer to help.-That's right.. _______.A. any hands make light workB. Something is better than nothingC. The more the merrierD. The sooner begun, the sooner done14、(江西卷'21)-I think you'd better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see it.-- Oh, dear!______.A. Who cares?B. No problemC. I don't mind at allD. Is it as bad as that?15、(安徽卷'25) ----I have some big news for you. You've beenaccepted as a member of our club.----__ That's great!A. Have I ?B. Pardon?C. Congratulations!D. Good idea!16、(安徽卷'34) -----Good evening. Huangshan Hotel. -----Good evening. ________?A. Do you still have a room for tonightB. What would you like,pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for youD. Who is that speaking, please17、(浙江卷'01)- Are you all right?- ______.A. That's OKB. I think soC. Take it easyD. It's very kind of you18、(浙江卷'20)-Shall we go out for dinner tonight? -______.A. You are rightB. It must be funnyC. That sounds greatD. Havea nice time19、(陕西卷'18)-The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it? - I do itall the time.A. Don't mention it.B. Why you?C. Not sureD. Not me again.20、(四川卷'05)--- Let's go for a walk in the garden. --- _______,but I need to do the washing-up.A. No, thank youB. That's rightC. Good ideaD. Not at all21、(四川卷'13)--- Can you show me Mr. Jaffer's office, please?--- _____. But I don't know if he is in at the moment.A. ThanksB. Go onC. SureD. You are welcome...。