Unit 1 Language StructuresMain Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence1.involving the moral auxiliary have toe.g. The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in.2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect objecte.g. She isn’t paid anything for overtime.3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verbe.g. I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap.4. from by the They say/It is said …patternse.g. They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded.Language Points:1.scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出e.g. 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding.3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture.4)His pen scratched away on the paper.5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划6)She has scratched because of a knee injury.2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小e.g.1)He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。

3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起e.g. She looks down on people who haven’tbeen to college.look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人(not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好e.g. You’re not looking yourself today.=You lo ok tired or ill/sick.Dialogue The Olympic GamesA. Listening to the recordingB. Questions on the dialogue1.Where did the ancient Olympic Games originate?2.Who participated in the ancient Olympic Games?3.What is one of the most popular myths about the origin of the Olympic Games?4.When were the Olympic Games abolished?5.Was Pierre’s attempt of reviving the Games warmly welcomed by the people? C．L anguage Points1. originate v. begin to happen or exist开始，发源；be the creator of 创始originate in/ from/with…起源于…；产生于…e.g. 1) Olympic Games originated from the ancient Greeks.2) The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.3) It’s said that the theory of evolution was not originated by Darwin.2. shroud v. wrap with a shroud以尸布包裹；cover or hide sth. 覆盖；遮蔽n. a cloth used for wrapping a dead body尸布；寿衣；sth. that covers or hides 覆盖物，遮盖物e.g. 1) The origin of the universe is still shrouded in mystery.2) Traditionally Arabian women have to shroud themselves in a veil when they are outside.3) The mountain was wrapped in a shroud of cloud.a shroud of fog/ mist 一片浓雾be shrouded in darkness 笼罩在黑暗之中3. progenitor n. (formal) 人或动植物的祖先，祖代；创始人，先驱e.g. 1) He was the progenitor of a family of distinguished actors.他是一个著名演艺世家的先辈。

2）the progenitors of modern art4.zenith n. 天顶；the highest point (of power, prosperity, etc.); the time when sth. is most successful(权力、繁荣等的)顶点；巅峰e.g. 1) The sun is well past zenith after twelve o’clock.2）The Roman Empire at its zenith conquered almost the whole Europe.3) He reached the absolute zenith of his career in his forties.5.decline v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.减少，下降，衰退，衰弱; (formal) to refuse politely to accept or to do sth.谢绝，婉言拒绝e.g. 1) Support for the party continues to decline.2) His health was declining rapidly.3) I offered to give them a lift but they declined.4）to decline an offer/invitation5) a rapid/ sharp/ gradual decline迅速/急剧/逐渐下降6. abolish v. put an end to; end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc.)废除e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic were abolished after the Roman Empire came to dominate ancient Greece.2) The death penalty has been abolished in many countries.7.revive v. come or bring back to health or consciousness（使）复活，苏醒；复兴e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic Games revived during the 19th century.2) The brandy soon revived the fainted woman.3) Our falling hopes revived at the appearance of the reinforcements.援军的出现燃起了我们原本破灭的希望。

8. scale n. relative size, extent, etc. 规模；(pl.) balance or instrument for weighing 天平；磅秤 v.on a large scale大规模地to scale 按比例social scale 社会等级a pair of scales 一台天平秤scale sth, down/up 缩减（增加）某物e.g. 1) The nuclear leak caused pollution on a massive scale.2) With the market demand subciding, we decided to scale down the car production.随着市场需求的减少，我们决定缩小汽车的生产规模。