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2019年高考英语题型专项训练

2019年高考英语题型专项训练英语语音知识制作人:齐万年一、音标:1、字母:词的书写形式,元音字母a e i o u. 音标:词的语音形式.2、音素:语音的最小单位。

3、音标:标记音素的符号。

如:Jones (英国), Kenyon & Knott (美国)教材采用国际音标:用/ /或[ ] 表示,与字母区别开来。

4、国际音标分类:(48个)音标5、元音的分类:✋ I ♏ ✌ ☜ ✈✞ ☺  ♏I I II☯ ♏☯ ☺☯☺ ☯☺6、辅音的分类:☞♒7、拼读方法:辅音元音即:元音和前面的辅音相拼,其它依次读出二、音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。

ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, under'stand:1、划分:音节的核心是元音,有多少元音就有多少音节。

只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。

有多个音节的词叫多音节词。

2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。

重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

每个单词至少有一个(可以两个或多个)重读音节,并用标记,单音节词只有一个音节,本身就重读,不用标记。

如: ♐♦I   ●♏♦⏹  ♌I3、成音节:(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音,但也是一个音节,成音节属于非重读音节。

4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节,有一个音节重读,一个音节次重读,分别用和来标记。

如: ♑❒✌⏹♎❍✈❆☯5、开音节:a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, toneb) 辅+元he, go, hi在开音节中,元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。

6、闭音节:a) 辅+元+辅bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;b)元+辅it us在闭音节中,元音字母发短音。

三:拼读规则:1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音音节中发短音(短元音)。

元音字母开音节规则,有些常用词汇例外,如have[h æv, hЗv,],give[ɡiv],live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音对开音节位置。

)leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音注:元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。

元音字母数量虽少,但出现的频率高。

元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui),少数几个辅音字母(r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。

单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母:m,n,l,f,s,x。

注意:拼读单词要注意的几点:1、浊化:  ♦♦✞♎☯⏹♦  ♦♦◆♎♏⏹♦  ♦☐♏●  ♦☐♏●● school2、连读:✌☠ ⌒ ✞  ♦♒♋⏹ ⍓☐◆  ⏹ ♦⌒ ☯♦ ⌒● not at all, half an hour 3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 ): ♦✋♦ ♎♋☺⏹  sit down good job4、同化:Would you like it? Can't you seeit?四、 容易混淆的元音1) [e] [✌] [☯] bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England2) [i:] [♏✋] greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say3) [✌] [✈] Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug 臭虫,程序缺陷4) [au] [ ] [✈] count-can't down-done5) [au] [ ] found-fond 喜爱的, 溺爱的6) [✈] [ ] [ ] sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught五、容易混淆的辅音1) [v] [w] vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心west; vine 藤, 蔓wine 葡萄酒, 酒; very well2) [s] [ ] sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话; mass 大量的 math3) [z] [❆] closing clothing ; breeze 微风, breathe 呼吸 ;4) [n] [☠ ] thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran rang5) [r] [ ] room zoom 缩放;6) [n] [l] night light , not lot, no low 六、重音和语调 1、重音 1)单词重音A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。

如:letter, sorry b)有前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。

如:a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, res'pect com'pare, in'form 通知, dis'cuss, mis'take, pre'pare, em'ploy 雇用, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, trans'latec)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。

'out'side, 'in'side, 'well-'known, 'un'like, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 're'tell, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。

'difficult, 'family, e'conomy 经济, oppor'tunity, b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。

emp ●o'yee,雇员, engi'neer 工程师, ciga'rette 香烟, Japa'nese, ♎✞✌☐☯⏹✋ K.K 2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻) 或 重-轻-(轻)(轻)重同音词: peace-piece our-hoursee-sea-c won-one know-no father-farther aren't-aunt 易读混淆词: wake week weak walk work much match march M archKate kite cat cut kitty(小猫)B) 读英语句子时间的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定,而不是汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定。

C) 实词重读,虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be.)D) 实词不重读的特殊情况a)实词第二次出现:He thinks of that as a childthinks.b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰:I met her in the railway station.c) 代替词:Which book do you want? The small one.d) 感叹词中的what 和how:What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中:Wangfujing Street.f) this在这些短语中:this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时:Do you like it? Yes, I do.Are you a doctor? Yes, I am.Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时:They may come this evening. Can it be five already?c) 介词在句首和句尾:In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talkedwith.F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。

The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义)2、语调1) 升调:一般疑问句。

↗2) 降调:陈述句,特殊疑问句,祈使句,感叹句。

↙3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调↑,最后一项用降调降↙。

【专题训练与高考预测】【1】语音试题:从A.B.C.D.四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

1.spare A. fear B. earn C. pear D. beard2.navy A neighbor B. nationality C .relative D. valley3.unit A. fierce B. nephew C. juice D .sure4.gentle A. organise B. bargain C .regular D .charge5.journey A. merchant B. courtyard C energy D serious6.rush A.dull B. butcher C. sugar D push7 foot A.flood B food C wool D.blood8.silence A.weight B.ceiling C.bargain D. height9.occur A.ocean B.opposite C.official D.offer10.B limited A.advanced B.decided C.worked D.prefused11.advice A.absence B.account C.pattern D.patience12.Sunday A.stay B.everyday C.holiday D.delay13.classes A.watches s C.hopes D.techniques14.Wednesday A.doubt B.husband C.glad D.handkerchief15.hour A.tour B.pure C.cruel D.flour16.chalk A.talk B.false C.altogether D.salt17.prove A.stone B.route C.stove D.hook18.anxious A.branch B.conclusion C.dangerous D.tongue19.breathe A.health B.deaf C.increase D.pleasure20.achieve A.research B.chemistry C.technique D.stomach21.silver A.silent B.pretty C.tiny D.reject22.motor A.opposite B.ocean C.oppress D.object23.theory A.diary B.pioneer C.therefore D.really24.oxygen A.geography B.degree C.recognise D.sugar25.canal A.important B.liberation C.majority D.national26.medicine A.except B.record C.increase D.physics27.longer A .London B.prove C.lock D.lonely28.admire A.quiet B.stare C.spear D.figure29.Christmas A.speech B.stomach C charge D.church30.advanced A.task B.fortunate C.entrance D.salute31.courage A.south B.wound C youth D country32.contain A.captain B mountain C.paint D.Britain33.refer A. fisherman B. research C.disappear D. recorder34.library A. language B. material C. operate D. labour35 exactly A expert B. experiment C. exercise D. example36.special A.shallow B.officer C.choke D.trousers37.mathematics A.recycle B.respect C.message D.package38.shoulder A.louder B.pronounce C.lonely D.Europe39.increase A.desert B.design C.wise D promise40.parent A.spear B.wear C.carry D.patient41.month A government B. common C. along D monument42.cough A. daughter B enough C. flight D. neighbour43 ahead A.cheap B.break C.season D.breath44.natural A.nature B.population C.practice D.native45.salt A.chalk B calm C.almost D half46.news A.research B. newspaper Christmas Thursday47.depend A.envelope B.elect C.recent D.develop48.solid A.Europe B.robot C.salt D.wander49.straight A.certainly B.neighbor C.believe D.flight50.character A.chain B.church C.stomach D.machine51.parent A.glare B.measure C.failure D.capital52.Christmas A. exit B heat C. whistle D. cartoon53.spy A. thirsty B. university C. type D. dirty54 none A.other B.consider C.propose D.purpose55 suggest A bury B. supply C guess D. pump56 houses A. does B. heroes C. boxes D. tomatoes57 these A chemistry B.silent C necklace Dplete58 gone A moment B lonely C motor D fond59 season A reasonable B greatly C bread D weather60 silver A. exhibit B.tiny C.delight D.island61.perfect A. persuade B permit C. perhaps D service62.civil A. Swiss B. different C.pencil D.driver63 medicine A.directly B. pronunciation C.cooker D.couple64.month A.bath B.smooth C.clothing D bathe65 flow A how B. allow C. slowly D.town66 handsome A Wednesday B.debt C.deadly D. forehead67 course A soul B. resource C.country D.count68 any A.many B.what C.grade D maybe69 suggest A.guess B.suppose C supper D.butter70 salt A.walk B talk C calm D also【2】写出下列划线部分的音标。

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