四级作文写作类型现象描述型说明文分析原因型对比选择型议论文问题解决型（对策方法型）观点论证型构思过渡过渡开头段扩展段结尾段一、现象描述型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic ThePrevalence of Western Holidays. You should write at least 120 words according to the outlinegiven below in Chinese:1.中国传统节日受到冷遇，西方节日日益升温已成为趋势2.形成这种现象的原因3.你对这种现象的态度The Prevalence of Western HolidaysIt is noticeable that western holidays are becoming increasingly popular day by day, whileChinese traditional holidays are being somewhat neglected. Old people often complain thatChinese New Year has lost its real meaning. To their astonishment, young people in China whoare ignorant about Chinese traditional holidays are crazy about Christmas or Valentine’ s There are several possible reasons for this phenomenon. First, western nations, such asthe United States and Britain, are powerful and dominant in every aspect. Everything in thesecountries is assumed to be superior and adored by some modern young people.Second, theprevalence of English as a world language and the development of globalization enable westernculture to prevail in China. Overwhelmed by such a trend, Chinese unconsciously get involved inwestern culture. Last but not least, some Chinese people have blind faith in foreign things whilemiss our own possessions with contempt.I am critical of this trend.China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. Inmodern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that youngpeople no longer treasure the traditions. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiasticallya supposedly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritageof our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence.So let ’ s join hand in hand to protect Chinese tradition, especially traditional holidays.模板一：①In recent years, ___ （现象表现或变化）, in order that ___（出现这一现象的目的）.This phenomenon has aroused heated discussions among the public . that___ （分析这一现象带来的问题）. ③ In my opinion, ___ （个人观点② Some people argue / 态度 / 建议） .Furthermore,___ （补充说明看法）. In a word, ___ （总结全文） .模板二：①Recently, ___（提出现象）has been brought to public attention. No one deniesthat___ （进一步阐述现象）. ② However, ___(总述该现象带来的问题) can lead to serious consequences. In the first place, ___ （问题一） . What's worse, ____（问题二） . ③ Awareness of the matter in question is one thing, but how to cope with it is another. To solve the problem, ___（解决问题的措施） , through which ___ （解决问题的意义） . Only in this way can we___ （解决问题） .模板三：①Nowadays, there exist(s)___ （事实 / 现象） . However, the reasons for ___ （现象概括)） are varied . ② To begin with, （原因一） . Moreover, ___ （原因二） . In addition, ___（原因三） . Finally, ___（原因四） . ③As to me, ____ （个人观点） . For one thing, ___ （原因一） . For another, ____（原因二） . In brief, ___（得出结论） .二、分析原因型Children ’ s SchoolbagsAre Getting Heavier1.现在学生背上的书包越来越重2.学生学业负担减轻不了的原因3.结论These days we often hear our children groaning under the pressure of an ever-increasing burden of their studies. The schoolbags on their back are getting heavier and heavier , and thehours spent on their assignments longer and longer.Why can't their burden be relieved in spite of social protest? For one thing , parents have a strong desire for the early intellectual achievement of their children. They believe that if you don'tforce them to read more, a golden opportunity for success and the chances of their being admittedto key schools will be lost, and then to colleges will be slim. So children are under constantpressure to score high, test well, aim first. For another , our teachers ally themselves with parentsin applying pressure. Since scores are not only the mark of success or failure for a particularstudent, but also a measurement of a teacher s performance, it is natural for a teacher to assignmore homework for his own sake as well as for his students. Failure to produce students who winfirst place in school academic examinations is often seen as evidence of bad teaching.To lighten children's academic burden is not easy, but is worth trying, for after all parents and teachers don't want the heavy schoolbags to crush their children.模版 1：___（现象） is currently becoming a severe problem in China, which happen to ___ （某人） . So long as ___, ___will always unsurprisingly ___.Why does ___ （某人某事） become sorampant? First and foremost,___. Secondly,___. Last but not least, ___. As a consequence,___（结果） .模版 2： During the last decade, there has been a steady rise in the number of ___（形容某一种形式） .In detail, ___. Three reasons, in my mind, account for this social phenomenon. First andforemost,___. Moreover,___. In addition,___. As a result,___. Personally, I firmly believe that theproblem derives from ___( 个人观点） . Thus, if the government make relevant policies and takerelevant measure to ___ （目的） , the problem can be readily solved in ___ （时间等） .模版 3： Nowadays,___（现象）is/are doing great harm to ___ （某人某事）.What are the incentives that drive people to ____? The most important factors should be ___（观点）. Furthermore,___. It directly leads to the patent and salient harmfulness that ___.Consequently,it is high time that the whole society should contribute to the collective efforts to put an end to___(结果） .三、对比选择型For this part ， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （工作和读研）For undergraduates college students, deciding what to do upon graduation can be a tough decision to say the least. From my point of view , I prefer to launch a business. My choice can be attributed to the following two driving forces.For one thing , I want to start my own business because I love do what I love. In my own business, I will be more than passionate to plan, organize and execute my favorite project . For another thing , running my own business, I can accumulate rich experience, which is not only valuable to problem -solving but also critical to career development. While the risk of failing is real, what is important part is the lesson learned.Actually, when in comes time for university graduates to decide their next step in life, there is no on right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each students must reach his or her own conclusion.模板一：①There is a heated debate over ___( 某问题或现象） .It is commonly accepted that ___ （一种观点） . In contrast, others ___( 另一种观点） .②Those who hold the first opinion suggest that____.③Considering one after another, I stand on the sided of__( 观点） .First of all ,__.Furthermore, __.Thirdly, __. Therefore,___ （结论） .模板二：① Recently, we may hear quite different opinions___.Most peopletake it for granted that ___. However, others hold___ .（两种观点）②A dominant idea is that ___. They argue that___.③ As to me, I prefer ___ （自身观点） On the one hand,___. On the other hand,__ . Therefore , ___. In conclusion,___.四、问题解决型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1.面试在求职中的作用2. 取得面成功的因素：表、止、吐、能力、知、自信、事求是⋯⋯With the development of our modern society, the interview is becoming more and more important in job -hunting. So it is of great importance for us to master skills on interview. On the one hand , if a job seeker can leave a good impression on the mind of the interviewer, he may be lucky enough to get the job competed by many applicants. On the other hand , if the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview, he is unlikely to stand a chance.To be successful in a job interview, we have figured out many ways to make an excellent performance in an interview. First, the applicant ought to pay attention to his appearance and manner of speaking. Second, he is supposed to display his ability. Finally, a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence. In a word, if the interviewee displays these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during the interview, the interviewermight make an on -the -spot decision to take him on.To sum up, the job interview is indeed important. It is time for us to pay attention to the skills. Therefore, if the interviewee has made full preparations for it and given a fairly confidentand honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.模板一：①There has been a discussion recently about____ . ( 提出 ) It is true to the present situation that( 的必要性) For one thing,__. ( 必要性或后果一. ) For another, ___(必要性或后果二 )② As is known to all , there are many ways to___.(提出解决的方法) First of all,________. (方法一) Furthermore,___( 方法二 ) Last but not least,___( 方法三 ) In brief, ___( 上文 ) .③ In conclusion,_______. ( 重申主 ) We ’ d better___.(一步主) Accordingly,______________. (全文 )模板二：① With the development of___.(出的背景) So it is of great importance for us to ___.(提出 ) On the one hand,___. ( 必要性或后果一 ) 0n the other hand,___.( 必要性二或后果二 ) ② To we have figure out many ways to___.( 提出解决的方法) First,____.(方法一 ) Second,____.(方法二 )Finally,____.(方法三 ) In a word,___.( 上文 )③ To sum up,__. ( 重申主 ) It is high time for us to___.( 一步主) Therefore,____.(全文 )五、点型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest . You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1) 当前社会上存在多不的象;2)利人利己，做人。