长难句及其翻译● 1.As a linguist,he acknowledges that (all varieties oflanguage,including non-standard ones like Black English,can bepowerfully expressive)—there exists no language or dialect in theworld that cannot convey complex ideas.✓Expressive adj. 有表现力的，富于表情的翻译：作为一名语言学家，他承认所有的人类语言，包括一些非标准的语言，如黑人英语，都是可以明确的表情达意的——世界上没有不能表达复杂情感的语言或者是方言。
●Mr.Smith’s academic speciality is language history and change,and hesees the gradual disappearance of “whom”,for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of OldEnglish.✓Speciality n. 专业，专长；特性✓Case-ending [语法]变格词尾✓No more than 仅仅，只是，不多于，至多翻译：Mr.Smith 的学术研究领域是语言学史及其变迁，例如，他认为在语言中一些词语的渐渐消失，例如“whom”这个词，属于自然现象，这不会比古英语词尾格的消失更令人感到惋惜。
●An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism( by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.)✓Machanism n. 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧翻译：在一个以市场为导向的经济中，一个重要的因素就是一种用来表现消费者需求并能使制造商做出反应的机制。
●Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry largechunks of memorized poetry in their heads,while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech (that would seem old-fashioned to mostEnglish-speakers.)✓Elaborate adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；vi. 详细描述；变复杂✓Chunk n. 大块A chunk of 一大块翻译：俄国人对自己的语言有着深厚的感情，并且他们的脑海里储存着大量的诗歌，而意大利的政客们却倾向于精心准备的演讲，尽管这些演讲在大多数说英语的人眼里看来是过时的。
●Many life’s problems (which were solved by asking familymembers,friends of colleagues) are beyond the capability of theextended family to resolve.✓Capability n. 才能，能力；性能，容量✓Extended family n.大家庭翻译：许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友和同事们来解决的生活中的问题，是现在的大家庭所无能为力的。
●In Europe ,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasinglysuccessful groups (which bring together television,radio,newspapers, magazines,and publishing house that work in relation to one another.)翻译：多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的（电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社）整合到了一起。
●Creating a “European identity” (that respects the different culturesand traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent) is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.✓Identity n. 身份；同一性，一致；特性；恒等式✓Fabric n. 织物；布；组织；构造；建筑物✓Strategic adj. 战略上的，战略的翻译：创造一个（尊重那些将欧洲旧大陆联系在一起的不同文化和传统的）欧洲统一体绝非易事，这需要一个战略性的选择。
●The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives,thoughts orneeds of the workmen (employed by the company in which he heloshares ) and．．． his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.翻译：像这样的“股东”对他所拥有股份公司所雇用的员工的生活、想法和需求一无所知，而且他们对于资金与劳动力的关系（劳资双方的关系）产生的的影响也是不好的（也不会产生积极的影响）。
●(After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentarydebates),Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legalauthority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.✓Authority n.○1权力，管辖权○2官方，当局○3当权者，行政管理机构○4权威，专家✓Parliamentary adj. 议会的；国会的；议会制度的翻译：经过6个月的努力和最终16个小时的会议讨论，澳大利亚北部地区成为了世界上第一个允许医生终止患有不治之症且希望死去的病人生命的合法当局。
●In Australia——(where an aging population, life-extendingtechnology and changing community attitudes have all played their part)——other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.✓Play one’s part 尽本分；起作用✓Euthanasia n. 安乐死；安乐死术✓Community n. 社区；[生态] 群落；共同体；团体翻译：在澳大利亚——人口老龄化、延长寿命的技术和变化着的社会态度都在起着作用——其他的州准备考虑制定类似的关于安乐死的法律。
●As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set ofcultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all socialinterrelationships.✓As conj. 因为；随着；虽然，尽管；依照；当…时prep. 如同；当作；以…的身份adv. 同样地；和…一样的✓Be true of v. 符合于；对…适用✓Convention n.会议；惯例；公约；协定；习俗✓Assumption n.假定，设想；担任，承担✓Underlie vt. 成为……的基础；位于……之下；引起；使发生✓Interrelationship n.相互关系，相互联系，相互联系性翻译：就如同在任何一个发达社会里一样，在美国所有的社会关系之中都隐藏着一系列复杂的文化信号、假设和传统观念。
●The complementary coastlines and certain geological features (thatseem to span the ocean) are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.✓Complimentary a.互补的，补充的，补足的✓Span n. 跨度，跨距；范围vt. 跨越；持续；✓Reminder n.1. 提醒者；提醒物2. 催款单3. 提示✓Certain adj. 某一；必然的；确信；无疑的；有把握的pron. 某些；某几个翻译：那些似乎横跨海洋的互补的海岸线和某些地质特征，提醒人们注意那里是曾经是连接两块大陆的地方。
●At the same time,the American Law Institute——(a group ofsubstantial weight)——issued new guidelines (for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers ofbombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.)✓Institute vt 1.建立，设立；组织（学会等）；制定（规则等）2.着手；开始；实行3.任命，使就职n. 学会，协会；学院,研究所✓Academic n.专业学者,学者✓Substantial n. 本质；重要材料adj. 大量的；实质的；内容充实的✓Issue n. 问题；流出；期号；发行物vt. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出vi. 发行；流出；造成…结果；传下✓Bombard with 连续提出；用…轰击✓Lengthy adj. 漫长的，冗长的；啰唆的✓Tort n. 【法律】(民事)侵犯行为翻译：与此同时，美国法律研究所——由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重——发布了新的民事侵权法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍的一再请他们注意潜在的危险。