Ⅰ. Define the following terms1. motivation2. blending3. neologism4. stylistic meaning5. jargon6. rootII. Choose the one you think appropriate1. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a smallest meaningful unitC. an element which can not be further analyzedD. a grammatically minimal form2. The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over the years.A. systematicallyB. arbitrarilyC. logicallyD. rapidly3. Words may fall into ___________.A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequencyB. content words and functional words by notionC. native words and borrowed words by origin.D. All of the above.4. The Indo-European language family consists of________.A. all the languages in Europe and IndiaB. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East5.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning6. In a narrow sense, context refers to _________ in which a word appears.A. the words B clausesC. sentencesD. All of the above7.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting)C. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)8. After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French9.In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and -er" are____ .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes10. English has evolved from ___________.A. an analytic language to a synthetic languageB. a Celtic language to a British languageC. analytic language to a less inflectional languageD. a synthetic language to an analytic language11. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always ________.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. inherentD. automatic12. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______of the modern English vocabulary.A. 50 percentB. 50 percentC. 80 percentD. 65 percent13. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is the creation of new words by means of _______.A. translation-loansB. semantic loansC. word formationD. borrowings14 .Which of the following is incorrect?A. “airmail” means “mail by air”B. “rea ding-lamp” means “lamp for reading”C. “green h and” is the h and green in colorD. “hopeless” is “without hope”15. Now people use “pen” for any writing tool though it originally denotes “feature”. This phenomenon can be explained by_____ .A. etymological motivationB. onomatopoetic motivationC. morphological motivationD. semantic motivation16. In a broad sense, extra-linguistic context includes_________.A. stressB. timeC. intonationD. word order17. “Timid ”and “timorous”, “comprehend” and “understand” are two pairs of synonyms mainly different in_____.A. denotationB. applicationC. connotationD. emotion18. Study the following word and its original meaning, then choose the process that the word has undergone through semantic changes.thing: a public assemblyA. extensionB. degradationC. narrowingD. elevation19.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature20. The dictionary that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically is called __________.A. lexiconB. concordanceC. yearbookD. encyclopaediaIII. True or false: write T for true and F for false( ) 1.Because of the large-scale borrowings over the centuries, loan words make up the most familiar, most useful part of the English vocabulary.( ) 2.The allomorphs of a morpheme differ in meaning and function.( ) 3.The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress ( ) 4.A morpheme is different from a phoneme, but it is identical with a syllable. ( ) 5.For most English words, there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.( ) 6.Synonyms are generally similar in affective meaning.( ) 7.It is more likely for monosyllabic words to be homonymous than polysyllabic ones.( ) 8. Every word has sense.( ) 9. The syllabic structure of a word and its morphemic structure are never the same.( ) 10. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.IV. Match the words or phrases in Column A with those in Column BA B1. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish2. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl3. lip-reading to lip-read ( ) C. morphologically motivated4. alliteration ( ) D. date; date5. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond6. perfect homonym ( ) F. backformation7. laser ( ) G. blending8. sitcom ( ) H. onomatopoeia9. grunt( ) I. part of speech10. Celtic ( ) J. acronymyV. Answer the following questions1. Please draw a tree diagram to show the different family relations of all the major languages in Indo-European language family.2. There are two main kinds of homonyms: perfect homonyms and partial homonyms. Explain them and give examples.。