祈使句
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、形容 词、副词等表示。
如： Help！ Patience! Quickly! Hands up!
祈使句
注意： 1、加强语气
Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please don’t. A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, let’s.
结构1：陈述句是肯定结构，附加疑问句用否定结构；或陈述句 是否定结构，附加疑问句用肯定结构。附加疑问句的主语必须 用代词。
结构2：陈述句是肯定结构附加疑问句也用肯定结构。
附加疑问句（反意疑问句）
结构1举例：She knows you,doesn’t she? （前肯+后否）—Yes,she does.(是的，她认识我）
修辞疑问句
定义：为了取得一种修辞上的效果而提出的，相当于陈述句， 不需要回答，肯定结构表否定，否定结构表肯定。 举例： What more do you want?你还想要什么呢？ 意即：你不应该再想要什么了，应知足了。
What do I care?关我什么事？ 意即：一点都不关我的事。
Is it important?这事对你重要吗？ 意即：这事对你无关紧要，没必要问。
词. 1). 一定有问题。
There must be something wrong. 2). 不应该有这么多的人。 There ought not to be so many people. 3). 可能还有点希望。
There might still be hope.
There-be结构
C. “there be”结构中的特殊动词： 1. 除用动词be之外，还可以用和be
陈述句
定义：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是 主语在前，谓语在后。
举例：肯定陈述句 She arrived early. 否定陈述句 She cannot have arrived now.
否定陈述句
1）半否定句
I hardly know anything about it.
感叹疑问句
定义：形式虽是疑问句，实际是表感叹。肯定与否定结构皆可 用。句末用感叹号。 举例： Am I hungry!我当然饿！
Hasn’t she grown!她长得多快！
反问句
定义：要求对方肯定或解释所说过的话。这种疑问句往往重复 对方的话，或提出特殊疑问。
举例： —I’m going to town. —To town? —Yes
You need to come, _d_o_n_’_t_ you? 4.He had a big time there, _d_i_d_n_’t_ he?
He had a car, _d_i_d_n_’t_ he? We hardly have to get up early, ___d_o__ we? 5.He used to live in Leeds, __d_id_n_’_t he?
反意疑问句练习
6.Let’s go to the match at once, __s_h_a_l_l we? Leave me alone, ___w__il_l you?
7.They have been learning to drive, ___h_a_v_en’t they? 8.No one was hurt, w__e_re_n_’_t _t_h_e_y__ ? 9.There is no doubt about it, __is____ __th_e_r_e_ ? 10.Anna hasn’t got to go to school on Sunday, __h_a_s__ she?
疑问句
定义：用以提问的句子叫做疑问句。疑问句句末 需用问号。 分类： （1）一般疑问句
（2）特殊疑问句 （3）选择疑问句 （4）附加疑问句 （5）修辞疑问句 （6）感叹疑问句 （7）反问句
一般疑问句
定义：用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意 语序。
举例：Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night? Can’t you understand it? Isn’t it a beautiful lake?
There-be结构
B. There be 结构变形。 1. There used/seem/ happen/appear to be… 1). 看来没人愿意帮忙。 There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 2). 过去这儿有一座楼房。 There used to be a building here.
—No,she doesn’t.(不，她不认识我） 在正式文体中，否定疑问句不用缩略格式，not应置于主语之 后。 如：She knows you,does she not?
（前否+后肯）
I’m not on the wrong train,am I? —Yes,you are.(不，你上错火车了） —No,you aren’t.（是的，你没有上错火车）
---Haven’t you been to the UK?
---No, I haven’t.
特殊疑问句
定义：用来对句子某一特殊部分进行提问的疑问句。
特殊疑问词有： who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。 A、简略式
Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句
Give me a hand, will/won’t/would/wouldn’ you? 2）带第一、三人称的祈使句
Let me try again. Let’s go. Let us go. Let’s not say anything about it./Don’t let’s say… Let him be here by 10 o’clock.
What do you think he has done?
选择疑问句
定义：提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择，有2种形式。 (1)以一般疑问句为基础 Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage?
祈使句
定义： 表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。
形式：祈使句的主语常为第二人称you，谓语动词用原形，
否定结构用don’t + 动词原形。
祈使句
1）带第二人称的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Don’t make any noise!
You call a taxi. Don’t you forget it.(强调)
感叹句
3）单词或短语构成感叹句（省去其它句子成分）。
举例：Fire!着火啦！ God heavens!天啦！
There-be结构
说明：there-be结构中，there通常没有词义，其后的动词 具有实义。
举例： (1)There is a clock on the table. (2)Once there lived a king called Lear. (3)There goes the bell! (4)Here comes the bus. Here he comes. (4)There used to be a village at the foot of the mountain. (5)There is to be a heavy rain tonight. (6)There seems to be some misunderstanding. (7)There is a baby crying in the next door.
意义相近的其他动词：live, exist, stand, lie, occur, come, follow, remain等。 1).很久很久以前，有一个国王。
Long, long ago, there lived a king.
There-be结构
2). 然后有人敲门。 Then there came a knock at the door.
English Grammar
Sentences
英语句子种类与类型
I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE结构
II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
I、句子种类（按交际用途分）
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、 感叹句、THERE-BE存在句
There-be结构
3). 碰巧有个人在此经过。 There happened to be a man walking by. 4). 好象没有太大的希望。 There doesn't seem to be much hope.
There-be结构
B. There be 结构变形。 2. 在there be的 be 前还可以加上各种情态动
2）部分否定句与全否定句 I don’t like both the films. I like neither Cathy nor Mary.
3)否定转移 I don’t think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose,imagine)
(2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go there? By bus or by train?