Grammatical Hierarchy
WHAT EXAMPLES
What is GRAMMAR
Grammar is the structural system of a language. Grammatical hierarchy: 5 ranks sentence A full sentence can be clause segmented rank by rank phrase down to its smallest word constituents morpheme
⊕autonomous learning
学习者充分发挥主体能动性，相 对独立地积极建构知识并不断调控自 己的学习进程和学习状态的一种学习 方式。
Requirements

Preview
Exercises Attending the class
→WHAT →HOW →WHY →WHEN →WHICH
2 Classification in terms of grammatical function
What is PHRASE?

Phrase is a group of words organized in a specific way with a key word as its head. It’s the word class of the head that determines the class of the phrase and the way in which the words are organized.
Reference

Predicate述语 Predication述谓结构 Predicator=predicate verb谓语动词
Predicate=operator+ predication =predicator+object+complement +adverbial


Transformation

Affirmative Statement Active
Negative Question Passive
Expansion

Adding modifiers Coordination Subordination
Assignment
Review and finish the ex. Preview pp28-52, finish the ex.

Assignment

How many ranks can English grammar be divided into? What are they? Define and explain with plenty of examples.
Write down the answer on your notebook.
Sentence Structure
WHAT EXERCISES
Clause elements

Sentence/Clause = Subject + Predicate NP. VP.
What is SUBJECT?
The subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.


Bound morphemes
affixes: inflectional (-s/-es -’s -ed -ing -er/-est…) derivational (prefix, suffix)
What is WORD?

Word is composed of one or more morphemes.

What is SENTENCE?

Sentence is a grammatical unit that can stand by itself and perform a communicative function. Types
full sentence (formal) minor sentence(informal, prominence, not necessarily omitting, summarizing the text) simple sentence compound sentence complex sentence compound-complex sentence


Review Quiz
Schedule



Introduction Grammatical Hierarchy Lecture 1 Sentence Structure Lecture 2 Subject-verb Concord Lecture 3 Quiz1;Noun and Noun Phrase Lecture 4 Genitive Noun; Determiners I Lecture 5 Quiz 2; Determiners II Lecture 6 Pronouns Lecture 7 Tense and Aspect Lecture 8 Passive voice Lecture 9 Quiz 3; Subjunctive mood;Unreal conditional Lecture 10 Auxiliaries Lecture 11 Infinitive ; Subordination Lecture 12 -ing participle, -ed participle, Lecture 13 Quiz 4; Subordination II Lecture 14 Relative clause Lecture 15 Comparison and comparative constructions;Inversion

What is MORPHEME?

Morpheme is the minimum grammatical unit. It is also the smallest meaningful element of speech.
Free morphemes
(boy girl kind cruel give take…)
II. Basic clause types
The subject is usually a NP, which follows a certain structure; The predicate show variety in structure. It is the character of predicate verb that determines the variety of the VP structure.
What is CLAUSE?

A full-fledged clause is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of “subject+predicate”. Types
Independent and dependent clauses Simple and complex clauses Main and subordinate clauses Finite and non-finite clauses Verbless clauses

What is PHRASE?




Noun phrase = (DET+)(pre-modifier+)noun(+post-modifier) Verb phrase =(modifier+)main verb; =(auxiliary/auxiliaries+)(modifier+)main verb Adjective phrase =(modifier+)adjective(+postmodifier/completmentation)main verb Adverbial phrase =(modifier+)adverb(+post-modifier) Prepositional phrase =(modifier+)preposition+completmentation
Classifications 1 Classification in terms of word-formation

Simple words /Morpheme Word Derivatives =free morpheme +derivative affix Compounds =two or more free morphemes
English Grammar
Lecturer: Wang Wei
Introduction
⊕Tasks ⊕method ⊕Requirements ⊕Schedule
Tasks
WHAT HOW WHY WHICH WHEN

WHAT
What does …… mean?
HOW
How to use……?
NP VP S V (S.+intransitive verb) S VC (S.+ linking verb) S VO (S.+ monotransitive verb) S VoO (S.+ ditransitive verb) S VOC (S.+ complex transitive verb) S VA S VOA Cf. SVO+adverbial phrase