基本句型英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。
汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。
即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化。
比如，“我每天骑自行车上学”，可以表达为I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表达为I ride to school every day. 如果用图表分析一下，我们会看得更清楚：这三个语句除了行为者"I"的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。
句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀句子成分学记口诀主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到）a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一：S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die,disappear, fall, happen, rise,eg: 这只小狗已经死了。
_____________________________________基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。
这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound,keep, remain, 等等。
1. We should __________ __________ any time.B.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
2. 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。
_________________________________________________.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。
这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。
如：3. Spring comes. It is ______________________________.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
4. Don't have the food. _______________________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。
基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构我昨天看了一部电影。
________________________________________________.They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：buy, choose, make, order, paint,play(演奏)，sing,等。
Yesterday her father ____________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
这种句型还可转换为：动词＋直接宾语＋for/ to sb.Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.请把你的画给我看一下。
I _______ _______the salt. = I _______the salt _____ _____.我把书递给他。
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（+ 状语）基本句型五: S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。
call（叫）, choose （选）, find（发现）, make, name, (命名)Keep ________________________________, please.请让孩子们安静下来。
They painted ______ ______ ________. 他们把门漆成绿色。
We must ______ ______ ________ ______.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。
He asked me _____ ________ ________ soon. 他要我早点回来。
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。
如：25）The boss ________ _______ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动) We saw _____ ____ _____. (他出去)。
+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语（+ 状语）5.主语判断类型和句子成分：She came．She likes English.She is happy．The teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.She gave John a book．My head aches.She makes her mother angry．The sun was shining.The moon rose.They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。
Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。
I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China. He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。
The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can't she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,then等连接。