精品文档2018 年5 月英语三级笔译实务真题英译汉Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plentyhas also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world's overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India's National Institute of Nutrition, over a quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have historically focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient andvariety of food.residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy aproductive also make theirAdditionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers.People's leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households. The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion.Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs. Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatmentfor an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. The US pioneered the soda tax move ent. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted similar measures. m South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognizes that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city's sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education and awareness.精品文档．精品文档lifestyle to reshape significant Urban design holds power There is also promise in initiatives.patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out oftheir cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhouthan better health in walkable neighbourhoods enjoy found that middle-income residents living residents who lived in less walkable neighbourhoods in urban China.tighter should encourage store aisles. Governments Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocerySuch vendors. grocers and food connections between agricultural production systems, urban sourcing. This food mechanics of urban help residents better understand the initiatives can alsoraises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining lifestyles controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivize healthy eating and activeimportant is an rates. Improving public health to constitute a promising response rising obesitypolicy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quotethe recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.改善民生是现代社会最伟大的成就之一。
这样一个富足的年代也导致了难以预料的全球健亿人要么超重，要么肥胖。
发达国家的人则更易长胖，引起健康问题。
然而，20 康危机：有发展中国家目前正面临着相似的危机。
肥胖率在高收入国家已经达到顶峰，但在其他国家也不年，亚洲的肥胖儿童占据世界2016 断攀升。
世界卫生组织和世界银行的综合调查结果显示，总数的一半，非洲则占据四分之一。
发展中国家的城市居民越来越易胖。
根据印度国立营养研）的数据，城镇人口中有超过四分之一的男性和将NutritionInstitute of National 究所（India's近一半的女性超重。
对于曾把工作重心放在消除饥饿的各国政府来说，这场危机将会考验他们的政治决心。
这些国家的政府必须明白，让城市便捷、生产力提高的因素同样会使其居民容易肥胖。
都市人能享受各种各样的美食。
此外，国际快餐连锁店在发展中国家正迅速扩张。
城市居民久坐不动的生活方式加剧了这种饮食习惯的健康风险。
在越来越多的家庭中，人们的休闲时光都花在了看电视、看电影和打电子游戏上。
这些趋势会引起的后果令人担忧，即发展中国家的人们可能未生财先生病。
肥胖引起的疾病继而会破坏医疗系统。
每年，在东南亚国家，用于治疗糖尿病，心血管疾病等与肥胖相关的并发症所花费亿美元。