② I will wait for you at the school gate. 我要在校门口等你。
3．表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
① He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
② She is a clever girl. 她是一位聪明的女孩。
4．宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
① He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本。
② She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。
5．宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
① I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
② I wish you a happy weekend. 我祝愿你周末愉快。
6．定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
① It's an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
② Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗？7．状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
① We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
② Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
③ She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
8．同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
①We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
②Li Hua, a middle school student, comes from the USA. 李华是一名来自美国的中学生。
二、八种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。
八种基本句式如下：①主语＋谓语(不及物动词)；②主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语；③主语＋系动词＋表语；④主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语；⑤主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语；⑥主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语；⑦主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋状语；⑧There be...[句式一]主语＋谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。
其特点为：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
How time主语flies谓语！时间过得真快呀！And I主语can play谓语outside too! 我也可以在外面玩耍。
[即学即练1]单句写作(1)为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。
In order to keep healthy，we_should_exercise_every_day.(2)火车已离开了。
The_train_has_left.(3)你必须快点起床去赶早班车。
(1)There_is_a_young_man waiting for you at the school gate.有一个年轻人在校门口等你。
(2)There_is_a_spelling_mistake in the sentence.这个句子里有个拼写错误。
小试牛刀Ⅰ.按照要求，写出下列加黑句子的成分1．The theatre tickets have sold out.(主语)2．This kind of cloth washes well.(状语)3．What you said just now made me very happy.(宾补)4．Could you give me the letter？(宾语)5．I will study hard to learn English well.(谓语)6．Professor Smith, our math teacher, will return to his country tomorrow.(同位语) 7．As far as I know, Mary is a good student.(表语)8．He is a very kind lady.(定语)Ⅱ.写出下列句子所属的类型1．In other words, we are the master of our own future.答案：主语＋系动词＋表语2．This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语3．An old man was walking slowly and carefully.答案：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语4．Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语5．Friends made my life full of excitement.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语6．The sun was shining.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)7．The boss made him do the work day and night.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语(名词短语my best friend的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当表语)⑤ There are some red roses on that small table. 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(名词短语some red roses的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，该短语在句中充当主语；that small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)[即学即练1]写出下列句中的名词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分如：In my opinion, dancing is an exciting art form.构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋名词；作表语(1)The red clothes with five yellow stars are mine.构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作主语(2)They made him chairman of the meeting.构成形式：名词＋介词短语；作宾补(3)Miss Li, our math teacher, is very young.构成形式：_限定词＋名词＋名词；作同位语(4)The first young man is a bus driver.The first young man是：限定词＋序数词＋形容词＋名词；作主语a bus driver是：限定词＋名词＋名词；作表语二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
常见形容词短语的构成形式有：副词＋形容词如：very suitable形容词＋enough如：good enough形容词＋介词短语如：good for nothing副词＋形容词＋介词如：well worthy of praise① I'm very glad to see you. 我见到你很高兴。
(副词＋形容词，作表语)② Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。
(形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中充当表语)③The most beautiful tourist attraction in China is Mount Huang. 中国最美丽的旅游景点是黄山。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词tourist attraction)④ A good friend is someone who makes you really happy. 好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语)⑤Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.(形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语)⑥ The little boy is old enough to go to school.(形容词＋副词，该短语在句中充当表语)[即学即练2]写出下列句中的形容词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分如：It is less cold today than it was yesterday.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语(1) I find English very hard to learn.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作宾语补足语(2) Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.构成形式：副词＋and＋副词＋形容词；作表语(3) The road is long enough.构成形式：形容词＋副词；作表语(4) The medicine is good for stomach.构成形式：形容词＋介词短语；作表语(5)He looked very worried.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
常见副词短语的构成形式为：(副词)＋副词如：much more beautifully① She is by no means poor. In fact, he is quite rich.(副词quite修饰形容词rich)② Bill did the work very well. 比尔的工作做得很好。
(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语very well修饰动词did)③ We are all entirely responsible for our actions. 我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。
(副词all修饰副词entirely副词短语all entirely修饰形容词短语responsible for)④Luckily, I will have enough spare time to take part in the activity. 幸运的是，我将有足够的时间参加活动。