更大的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更大， 以便于它们在风荷载作用下不会倾斜到允许的范围之外。
Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, ceilings, and other architectural details．
土木工程专业英语

Column-diagonal truss tube 对顶柱桁架筒体
The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with diagonal members intersecting at the center line of the columns and beams．
钢筋混凝土和钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜 在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强板来限制倾斜。
In a steel structure, for example, the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building.
这种创新已经被用在办公楼和公寓大楼的施工当中。
土木工程专业英语

Frames with rigid belt trusses 刚性带状桁架框架
In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses, a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used.
为了把框架结构的外柱连接到内部垂直桁架上，可以在建 筑的中部和顶部设置刚性带状桁架系统。
A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building (1974) in Milwaukee．
这种体系的一个好的例子就是密尔沃基市的威斯康星第一 银行大楼。
~ manpower 在人力方面，~ theory 在理论上
土木工程专业英语
Tall Buildings 高层建筑
Curve A in Fig.1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories．
Tall Buildings 高层建筑
The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes．
Lesson 4 Tall Building 高层建筑
New words and phrases:
spectacular sway residential commercial innovation boundary eliminate apartment column demonstrate project stress truss bundle terminate facade perimeter encroach high-rise building 高层建筑 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
Systems in steel 用钢材的体系
Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations.
用钢材修建的高层建筑是作为几种类型的结构的创新的结 果而发展起来的。
The innovations have been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings．
这种特殊的结构体系第一次使用可能是在芝加哥的这幢43 层钢筋混凝土公寓大楼中。这种体系的最有意义的使用是在纽 约的110层世贸中心大厦的结构钢双塔中。
土木工程专业英语
DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building World Trade Center Building
土木工程专业英语

First Wisconsin Bank Building in Milwaukee
土木工程专业英语

Framed tube 框筒
The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building，for both strength and stiffness, to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column elements can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground．
比如，在钢结构中，可以根据建筑物的每平方英尺楼板面 积所需要钢材的总平均数量来限定经济。 in terms of (1) 用……的话，以……的措辞 speak of sth. ~ praise (2) 根据、按照、用……的思想方法
consider problem ~ the people’s interests (3) 在……方面，从……方面来说
此外，过分的倾斜还可能导致建筑物内部居住者的不适， 因为他们感觉到了这种运动。
土木工程专业英语

Tall Buildings 高层建筑
Structural systems of reinforced concrete, as well as steel, take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway．
The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frame．
上下边界之间的间隙描绘的是传统柱梁框架由高度带来的 额外费用。
Structural engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium．
为了消除这种额外费用，结构工程师们已经发展了一些结 构体系。
土木工程专业英语
spandrel beam 窗下墙的墙托梁
shear wall 剪力墙
土木工程专业英语

Tall Buildings 高层建筑
Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general, spectacular achievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings．
过分的水平倾斜将导致隔板、天花板和其他建筑物细部的 严重的复发性破坏。
In addition, excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because of their perception of such motion．
只有当所有的柱子以这样一种方式（即整个建筑作为一个 中空的筒体或刚性的盒子突出于地面上）互相连接在一起时， 才能获得高层建筑的整体结构对于抵抗风荷载的强度和刚度的 最大功效。
This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43-story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago．The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 1l0-story World Trade Center building in New York．
虽然在建筑施工技术中，总的来说已经有了许多进步，但 是在超高层建筑的设计和施工中也取得了惊人的成就。 ultra-[前缀] （1）在……的那一边 ultramontane 山那边的 ultraviolet 紫外线 （2）极端 beyond the normal or proper degree; excessively