英美概况课后习题Chapter 1 The Land (P8)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The full and official name of Great Britain changed into its present-day form in the yearof .A. 1920B. 1927C. 1914D. 1945(B)2. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)3. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber(D)4. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)5. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell(D)6. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three(A)7. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs(C) 8. The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in ___________.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North SeaIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The Strait of Dover 多佛海峡3.The English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林威治8.The Britain Isles 大不列颠群岛13.The Thames River 泰晤士河14.The Severn River 塞汶河ke Neigh 讷湖ke District 湖区18.Edinburgh 爱丁堡19.Glasgow 格拉斯哥20.Cardiff 加的夫Questions1. 3 features of British climateWinter fogRainy daysInstability/changeabilityChapter 2 The People (P17)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)2. The English people are descendants of .A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes(C)3. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish(A)6. The established church of Britain is .A. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland(A)7. Which of the following religious sects does not belong to Free Churches?A. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. QuakersC. MethodistsD. Baptists(A)8. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.A. ComingB. BirthC. DeathD. ResurrectingII．Blank filling2.The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish arethe descendants of the Celts.8. Most of the British social customs are based on the Christian tradition.III. Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.Column A Column B__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain__c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain__g__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.Old English 古英语2.Middle English 中期英语3.Modern English 现代英语4.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会6.Christmas 圣诞节7.Easter 复活节8.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂11.City of London 伦敦城12.Outer London 外伦敦13.Poets' Corner 诗人角14. Birmingham 伯明翰Questions2. Westminster AbbeyIt is a large, mainly Gothic church, the traditional place of coronation and burial site for British monarchs. Particularly in poets’ Corner, many famous men and women are buried.3.ShakespeareGreat Tragediesa)Hamletb)Othelloc)King Leard)MacbethGreat Comediese)The Merchant of Venicef)The Twelfth Nightg) A Midsummer Night’s Dreamh)As you Like ItChapter 4 Parliament and Government (P35)I. Choices1.Which of the following statement is NOT true of British political system?A.Britain has no codified constitution.B.Britain is a federal state.C.Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D.British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.3. A bill that deals with finance is always introduced __________.A. by the Chancellor of the ExchequerB. in the House of Lords.C. in the House of CommonsD. in the Privy Council4. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of ___________.A. the QueenB. the Prime ministerC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords5. The British government ministers are responsible to ___________ for the work of their department.A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council6. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of __________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament8. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden _________________.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD. to compete with others for a higher rankII. Blank Filling1. The British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen Elisabeth II, and Prince Charles is the heir to the throne.4. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain.5. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.6. The president of the House of Lord is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is “Mr. Speaker”.III. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords 贵族院亦称上院2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官5. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部6. the Home Office 内政部IV. Explain the following in Chinese2. Mr. Speaker 下院议长3. the Cabinet 内阁Questions4.What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consist of?The supreme legislative authority rests with Parliament, which consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.5.The Privy CouncilThe Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King’s Council in history. Today its role is largely formal, advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.Chapter 5 Party Politics and Judiciary (P35)I．Choices1.The conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since_____________.A. the end of the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the end of the Second World WarD. the end of 1960s2.The general election in Britain is held every ____________ year.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 67. The party that has the majority of seats in _________ will form the government in Britain.A. the house of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the privy CouncilD. the Cabinet14. The Famous “Scotland Yard” refers to ____________.A. CIAB. CID D. New Scotland Yard D. House of ParliamentII. Blank Filling2. The conservative party developed out of the Tory Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the Whig party.4. For the election purpose, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which elects one member of the House of Parliament.III. Translate the following into Chinese6. the Lord Chancellor 大法官7. Home Secretary 内政大臣Chapter 6 Early Man and the Feudal Society (P54)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons(B) 2. From 700 B.C., the Celts came from the ________ and began to inhabit British isles.A. Iberian PeninsulaB. Upper RhinelandC. Lower RhinelandD. Scandinavian countries(B) 3. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope(B) 4.Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A.400 A.D.B. 410 A.D.C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.(D) 5.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A.Welsh ChristianityB. the Roman RoadsC. citiesD. enormous wealth (A) 6.In the middle of fifth century, Anglo-Saxons came from the region of _____ and the lowCountries and settled in Britain.A.DenmarkB. NorwayC. GermanyD. Holland(D) 8.Which of the follow kingdoms was NOT set up by Angle?A. NorthumbriaB. MerciaC. East AngliaD. Kent(A) 9.Which of the follow kingdoms was set up by the Jutes?A. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex(C) 13. “Doomsday Book” was in fact a record of each man’s _____________.A. experienceB. behaviorC. propertyD. reputation(B) 15.The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchantsV. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服2. Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3. Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy 盎格鲁撒克逊人七国时代5. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役6. “Doomsday Book ” 末日审判书7. the Great Charter 大宪章Questions6. All Estates Parliament 各级议会In 1265, Simon called a parliament with two knights from each shire and two citizens from each town. It was known as the “All Estates Parliament”.7. Model Parliament 模范议会Chapter 7 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution (P65) I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.A. Edward ⅠB. Edward ⅡC. Edward ⅢD. Henry Ⅲ(C) 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Hundred Years War was a feudal war.B. The Hundred Years War was a trade war.C. The Hundred Years War lasted for one hundred years.D. The Hundred Years War is one of the historical events that marked the decline offeudalism in Britain.(B) 3.From ______ onward, Parliament was divided into two chambers.A.1337B. 1343C.1453D.1455(D) 4.Black Death to some extent brought _______ to villains.A.Higher wagesB. greater freedomC. better lifeD. both A and B(D) 7.War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to1485.A. constantlyB. irregularlyC. continuouslyD. intermittently(D) 9.The House of Tudor was founded in _______.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 1485(C) 10.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th(A) 11. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages hadcared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.(A) 12.The two centuries just before the outbreak of the Bourgeois revolution were a period of___.A. capital accumulationB. colonization abroadC. foreign territorialD. enlightenment(A）16.The King’s men at the beginning of the first Civil War were called ___________.A. CavaliersB. roundheadsC. PuritansD. Presbyterians(D) 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period?A. Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B. Cromwell killed Levelers in the army.C. Cromwell conquered Ireland.D. Cromwell restored the House of Stuart.(D) 20.The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.A. Charles ⅠB. Charles ⅡC. James ⅡD. William of OrangeIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. the Enclosure 圈地运动2. Puritan 清教徒4. The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战7. Black Death 黑死病8. Cavaliers and Roundheads 骑士党和圆颅党Questions8. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝的复辟9. “glorious revolution” 光荣革命In 1688, the bourgeoisie staged a bloodless coup d’etat and put William of Orange on the throne, which came to be known as “the Glorious Revolution”.Chapter 8 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement (P74) Ⅰ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building(A)2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt(D)3. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Productivity was greatly increased.B. Unskilled workers were employed.C. Many new cities sprang up.D. Workers’ living and working conditions were improved.Questions10. What were the consequences(结果) of the British Industrial Revolution?A: First, the industrial bourgeoisie(工业资产阶级) gained supremacy(最高权力,霸主地位) in the 1840s not only in the economic but also in the political life of the country. Second, productivity was greatly increased. Third, as a result of the growth of industry, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Chapter 9 The British Empire and British Imperialism (P84)Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The first British colony was .A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India(B)3. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PekingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton(C)5. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?A. foreign territorial expansionB. export of capitalC. free competitionD. monopoly(B)6. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy(D)7. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy(D)8. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low(C)11. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?A. 1939B. 1940C. 1941D.1942(D) 12. The British Commonwealth of Nations is a ______________ organization.A. military A. cultural C. economic D. phony(B) 14. The underlying aim of Thatcherism is __________.A. nationalizationB. denationalizationC. cutting wagesD. increasing public expenditure (C)15. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economyB. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemploymentD. the high rate of taxes(C)16. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950B. 1954C. 1972D. 1997Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese2. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约4. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦Chapter 10 The Land (P97)I. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern(B)2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth(C)3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. AlaskaD. Pennsylvania(D)9. River _______ flows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson(B)10. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ is wholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie(C)11. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.D. Lake Superior and Lake Michigan （D）17. the deposits of _____________ in the US rank the first in the world.A. tinB. copperC. goldD. natural gas(A) 19. the _________ area rich in nonferrous metal deposits in the US.A. Western mountain rangesB. great PlainsC. Central LowlandD. Appalachian mountain range(D) 20. Which of the following is NOT in Washington D.C.?A. the US CapitolB. the white HouseC. Pentagon buildingD. the UN headquartersⅢ. Translate the following into Chinese1.Alaska: 阿拉斯加2.the Mississippi River: 密西西比河3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热5.Hawaii: 夏威夷6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城7.the “Space City, USA”: 美国航空城8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9.the Cordillera Range: 科罗拉多高原10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布Ⅴ. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.Column A Column B.1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat of the federal government4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. Space City USA”6. __h _ Detroit f. he largest leather, shoe and wool market7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas10. i__ Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest ChinatownChapter 11 The People (P107)Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.(B)1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics(B)2. The ____ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. HispanicsC. BlackD. Asian Americans(D)3. Race is different from ethnicity because its basis is ____.A. country of originB. religionC. language spokenD. skin color(A)4. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians(D)5. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California(B)7. Hispanics in the US speak _____A. EnglishB. SpanishC. FrenchD. their native languages(D)9. ____ outnumber other religious groups in the United States.A. MethodistsB. CongregationalistsC. QuakersD. ProtestantsII. Blank Filling5. Black people in the US are descended from Negro slaves imported from Africa.8. In the 19th century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “coolies”.12. Most of the Black people on the US Speak English, while the Hispanics speak Spanish.13. In the US, Protestants outnumber other religious groups.Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese.1.”melting pot”: 大熔炉2.WASPs: 白人盎格鲁.撒克逊新教徒3.ethnicity 种族划分5.Hispanics 拉丁美洲人Questions11.Should the United States be a melting pot or a salad bowl?The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a “melting pot”, meaning pe ople with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.America is similar to a Salad Bowl, as every culture can find its position in American society. The immigrants may observe the shared culture of US while keeping their original identities.Chapter 13 Government System (P122)I. Choices(B) 2. The president of the United States exercises the ___________ power.A. legislativeB. executiveC. JudicialD. veto(A) 4. ___________ has the veto power in legislation in the United States.A. PresidentB. Vice-presidentC. Secretary of StateD. Speaker(B) 5. Congress can veto the President’s veto by a _____________ vote of the full membership of both houses.A. two-fifthsB. two-thirdsC. three-fourthsD. three-fifths(D) 6. Under the US Constitution, the President has the power to _________ without the consent of the Senate.A. appoint high officialsB. sign a treaty with other nationsC. declare war upon other nationsD. sign an executive agreement with other nations.(B) 7. The Constitution f the United States says that only _____________ can declare war upon other nations.A. the PresidentB. CongressC. Department of DefenseD. the national Security Council(B) 8. The department of __________ advises the President on foreign relations.A. DefenseB. stateC. CommerceD. Labor(C) 10. FBI and Federal Prisons are among the responsibilities of the Department of ________.A. stateB. DefenseC. JusticeD. Commerce(D) 13. The number of representatives from each state is fixed according to the size of__________ the State has.A. the territoryB. the economyC. the votersD. the population(B) 14. Representatives in the United Sates are elected _________________.A. annuallyB. every 2 yearsC. every 3 yearsD. every four years(C) 15. Impeachment of the President should be _______________.A. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the House.B. Proposed by the House and decided on by the Supreme CourtC. proposed by the House and decided on by the SenateD. proposed by the Senate and decided on the Supreme CourtII. Blank Filling1. The constitution of United States follows two principles: the federal system and the “separation of powers”.2. The constitution gives the executive power to the president alone.3. The Cabinet of the American government is made up of the heads of Departments.5. In the United States treaties signed by the President with other nations and officials appointed by him must be confirmed by the Senate.7. The Department of Sate is headed by the Sectary of State.IV. Translate the following into English1. Separation of powers 三权分立2. the National Security Council 国家安全理事会3.the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局5.Congress 国会6.the United states information Agency 美国新闻总署7.the Supreme Court 最高法院Questions:12. What are the two principles followed by the constitution? Explain each.The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government while the separation of powers means the three branches of the federal government are independent of each other, but each checks the other two (checks and balances).ment on the relationship between the President and Congress.If the president vetoes the bill passed by the congress, his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress and the bill became the law.Chapter 14 State Government and Party Politics (P135)I. Choices1. ___________ is the most important part of a state government.A. The executiveB. The legislatureC. The JudicialD. The governor3. The chief executive of a state is the ______________.A. governorB. sheriffC. Supreme CourtD. council8. Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century united States over the issue of __________.A. slaveryB. the ConstitutionC. admission of new statesD. the economic development11. The General Election in the United States is held every ___________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 15 The Early Colonization (P145)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)1. Christopher Columbus was a(n) _ navigator .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ItalianD. Spanish(A)2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after .A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Marco Polo(B)3. The earliest British settlement on North America was .A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. Louis(B)4. The Pu ritans’ first settlement on North America was .A. JamestownB. PlymouthC. New OrleansD. Virginia(11) The Southern Colonies developed a __________ system with the exploitation of slave labor.A. industrialB. small farmC. plantationD. SlaveryIV. Translate the following into Chinese.1.American Indians 美洲印第安人2.Christopher Columbus 哥伦布5. Mayflower Compact 五月花公约6. Jamestown 詹姆士城7. New England 新英格兰10. self-governing colonies 自治殖民地Chapter 16 American Revolution (P155)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it .(C)10. The Second Continental Congress was held in .A. New York CityB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. Valley Forge(B)11. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence .A. the first decision made by the Second Continental CongressB. the first declaration of the rights of the individualC. the first Bill of RightsD. the first Constitution of the United States(C) 13. The Constitutional Convention was held in in May 1787 .A. BostonB. New YorkC. PhiladelphiaD. Washington D. C.IV. Translate the following into Chinese.4.the Stamp Act 印花税法5.the Sugar Act 糖税法6.Boston Massacre 波士顿屠杀案7.Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件9.the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议10.the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言12. Bill of Rights 人权法案Questions:14.Translate the main idea of the Declaration of Independence into Chinese? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。