医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译Prepared on 21 November 2021医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentricchromosome近端着丝粒染色体actin肌动蛋白actinfilament肌动蛋白丝actinomycinD放线菌素Dactivator活化物activetransport主动运输adenine腺嘌呤adenosinemonophosphate,AMP腺苷一磷酸,腺苷酸adenylcyclase,AC腺苷酸环化酶adhesionplaque黏着斑agranularendoplasmicreticulum无颗粒内质网Alzheimerdisease阿尔茨海默病aminoacid氨基酸aminoacylsite,Asite氨基酰位，A位amitosis;directdivision无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathicmolecule双型性分子anaphase后期anchoringjunction锚定连接annulargranule孔环颗粒anticodingstrand反编码链antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apopticbody凋亡小体apoptosis凋亡assembly组装aster星体asymmetry不对称性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome自噬性溶酶体autophagy自噬作用autoradiography放射自显影技术autosome常染色体Blymphocyte B淋巴细胞bacteria细菌basesubstitution碱基替换beltdesmosome带状桥粒bioblast生命小体biologicalmacromolecule生物大分子biomembrane生物膜biotechnology生物技术bivalent二价体breakage断裂cadherin钙粘连素calmodulin,CaM钙调蛋白cAMP环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependentproteinkinase环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping戴帽carrierprotein载体蛋白catcrysyndrome猫叫综合症celldivisioncyclegene CDC基因cell细胞cellandmolecularbiology细胞分子生物学cellbiology细胞生物学cellcoat;glycocalyx细胞衣；糖萼cellculture细胞培养cellcycle细胞周期cellcycle-regulatingprotein细胞周期调节蛋白cellcycletime细胞周期时间celldetermination细胞决定celldifferentiation细胞分化celldivisioncycle,CDC细胞分裂周期celldivisioncyclegene,CDCgene细胞分裂周期基因cellengineering细胞工程cellfractionation细胞分级分离cellfusion细胞融合celljunction细胞连接cellline细胞系cellmembrane;plasmamembrane细胞膜；质膜cellplate细胞板cellproliferation细胞增殖cellrecognition细胞识别cellsurfaceantigen细胞表面抗原celltheory细胞学说cellstrain细胞株cellaging细胞衰老cellsynchronization细胞同步化cellularoxidation细胞氧化cellularrespiration细胞呼吸centralgranule中央颗粒centromere着丝粒chalone抑素channelprotein通道蛋白chemiosmotichypothesis化学渗透假说chiasmata交叉cholesterol胆固醇chromatid染色单体chromatin染色质chromomere染色粒chromosome染色体chromosomearm染色体臂chromosomebanding染色体带chromosomedisease染色体病chromosomeengineering染色体工程chromosomescaffold染色体支架chromosomesyndrome染色体综合症cisGolginetworkcisterna（pl.cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin笼蛋白clone克隆coatedpit有被小窝coatedvesicle包被小泡codingstrand编码链codon密码子codondegeneracy密码子兼并性coenzyme辅酶collagenfibronectin,FN纤连蛋白communicationjunction通讯连接complementation互补性condensationstage凝集期confocallaserscanningmicroscope共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin连接子constitutiveheterochromatin结构异染色质continuousmicrotubules极微管convertingenzyme转变酶crista（pl.cristae）嵴cyanine 胞嘧啶cyclin细胞周期素cydoeximide放线菌酮cytidinemonophosphate,CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis细胞质分裂cytology细胞学cytoplasm细胞质cytoplasmengineering细胞质工程cytoplasmsubstitution细胞质代换cytoplasmicplaque胞质斑cytoskeleton细胞骨架darkfieldmicroscope暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度离心deoxyadenosinemonophosphate,dAMP脱氧腺苷酸deoxycytidinemonophosphate,dCMP脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosinemonophosphate,dGMP脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyribonucleicacid,DNA脱氧核糖核酸deoxythymidinemonophosphate,dTMP脱氧胸苷酸desmosome桥粒diakinesis终变期differentialcentrifugation差速离心differentialexpression差异性表达differentiationinduction分化诱导differentiationinhibition分化抑制diplococcuspneumonia肺炎双球菌diplotene双线期disassembly去组装DNAprobe DNA探针DNAsynthesisphase DNA合成期dosagecompensation剂量补偿doublet二联管duplication重复effector效应器electriccoupling电偶联electronmicroscope电子显微镜elementaryparticle基粒eletronfusion电融合elongationfactor,EF延长因子embryonicinduction胚胎诱导作用endocytosis内吞作用endolysosome内体性溶酶体endomembranesystem内膜系统endoplasmicreticulum,ER内质网enhancer增强子enzyme酶equatorialplane赤道面eucaryotes真核生物euchromatin常染色质eukaryoticcell真核细胞exocytosis胞吐作用exon外显子extracellularmatrix,ECM细胞外基质extrinsic;peripheralprotein外在蛋白；外周蛋白Fbody荧光小体facilitateddiffusion易化扩散facultativeheterochromatin兼性异染色质fibrillarcomponent原纤维成分fibronectin,FN纤粘连蛋白fibrousactin,F-actin纤维状肌动蛋白flankingsequence侧翼顺序fluidmosaicmodel液态镶嵌模型fluorescencemicroscope荧光显微镜荧光漂白恢复fluorescencerecoveryafterphotobleaching,FRAPfork-initiationprotein叉起始蛋白frameshiftmutation移码突变freecell游离细胞freediffusion自由扩散freeenergy自由能galactocerebroside半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside神经节苷脂gapjunction间隙连接gene基因genecluster基因簇geneengineering基因工程geneexpression基因表达genefamily基因家族genemutation基因突变geneticcode遗传密码geneticmessage遗传信息genome基因组genomeengineering染色体工程genomicDNAlibrary基因组DNA文库glycogenstoragediseasetypeⅡⅡ型糖原蓄积病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan,GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgiapparatus高尔基器Golgibody高尔基体Golgicomplex高尔基复合体granularcomponent颗粒成分granulardrop脱粒granularendoplasmicreticulum颗粒内质网growthfactor生长因子GT-AGrule GT-AG法则guanine鸟嘌呤guanosinemonophosphate,GMP鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome半桥粒hereditaryfactor遗传因子heterochromatin异染色质heterogeneousnuclearRNA,hnRNA不均一核RNA heterokaryon异核体heterophagolysosome异噬性溶酶体heterophagy异噬作用heteropyknosis异固缩highlyrepetitivesequence高度重复序列histone组蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核体housekeepinggene管家基因housekeepingprotein管家蛋白humanleukocyteantigen,HLA人白细胞抗原hyaluronicacid,HA透明质酸hybridcell杂交细胞hyperdiploid超二倍体hypodiploid亚二倍体immunofluorescencemicroscopy免疫荧光显微镜技术immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白invitro离体的invivo体内的inactiveXhypothesis失活X假说inbornerrorsofmetabolism先天性代谢缺陷病inducer诱导物induction诱导inhibitorofmitoticfactor,IMF有丝分裂因子抑制物initiationfactor,IF起始因子innermembrane内膜innernuclearmembrane内层核膜insertionsequence,IS插入顺序Integralprotein整合蛋白integrin整连蛋白intermembranespace;outerchamber膜间腔；外室intercellularcommunication细胞间通讯intercristalspace;innerchamber嵴间腔；内室intermediatefilament中间纤维internalmembrane内膜internalreticularapparatus内网器interphase间期interstitialdeletion中间缺失interzonalmicrotubules区间微管intracristalspace嵴内腔intra-nucleolarchromatin核仁内染色质intrinsic;integralprotein内在蛋白；整合蛋白intron内含子inversion倒位invertedrepetitivesequence倒位重复顺序ionicchannel离子通道ioniccoupling离子偶联jumpinggene跳跃基因karyotype核型kinetochore着丝点kinetochoremicrotubules动粒微管Klinefelter’ssyndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症laggingstrand后随链laminin,LN层粘连蛋白lateraldiffusion侧向扩散leadingstrand前导链leptotene细线期ligand;chemicalsignal配体；化学信号lightmicroscope光学显微镜linearpolymer线性多聚体linker连接线liposome脂质体liquidcrystal液晶lowdensitylipoprotein,LDL低密度脂蛋白luxurygene奢侈基因luxuryprotein奢侈蛋白lymphokine淋巴激活素lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶体majorhistocompatibilitycomplex,MHC组织相容性复合体malignancy恶性matricalgranule基质颗粒matrix基质matrixfibronectin,mFN基质纤连蛋白maturation-promptingfactor,MPF成熟促进因子medialGolgistack高尔基中间囊膜meiosis减数分裂membraneantigen膜抗原membranecarbohydrate膜碳水化合物membraneflow膜流membranelipid膜脂membraneprotein膜蛋白membranereceptor膜受体membranousstructure膜相结构messengerRNA信使核糖核酸mesosome中间体metaboliccoupling代谢偶联metacentricchromosome中央着丝粒染色体metaphase中期micelle微团microfilament微丝microscopy显微镜技术microsome微粒体microtrabecularlattice微梁网格microtubule微管microtubuleassociatedprotein,MAP微管结合蛋白microtubuleorganizingcenters,MTOC微管组织中心microvillus微绒毛middlerepetitivesequence中度重复序列miniband微带missensemutation错义突变mitochondria线粒体mitosis有丝分裂mitosisphase有丝分裂期mitoticapparatus有丝分裂器mitoticfactor,MF有丝分裂因子mobility流动性modelforcontrollinggeneexpression基因表达调控模型molecularbiology分子生物学moleculardisease分子病monopotentcell单能细胞monosomy单体性multiplecoilingmodel多级螺旋模型multipotentcell多能细胞myastheniagravis重症肌无力症mycoplasma支原体myofibrils肌原纤维necrosis坏死neuropeptide神经肽non-continuation不连续性non-histone非组蛋白non-membranousstructure非膜相结构nonsensemutation无义突变nuclearenvelope核被膜nuclearlamina核纤层nuclearmatrix核基质nuclearpore核孔nuclearporecomplex核孔复合体nuclearsap核液nuclearsex核性别nuclearskeleton核骨架nucleicacid核酸nucleicacidhybridization核酸分子杂交nucleo-cytoplasmicratio核质比nucleoid类核体nucleoids拟核nucleolarassociatedchromatin核仁相随染色质nucleolarorganizingregion核仁组织区nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小体nucleotide核苷酸nucleosomecore核小体核心nucleus细胞核nucleustransplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasmhybrid核质杂种Okazakifragment岗崎片段oligomerfibronectin,oFN寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene癌基因operatorgene操纵基因operon操纵子operontheory操纵子学说organelle细胞器origin起点outermembrane外膜outernuclearmembrane外层核膜overlappinggene重叠基因oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene粗线期pairingstage配对期partialmonosome部分单体partialtrisomy部分三体passivetransport被动运输patching成斑现象peptidebond肽键peptidylsite,Psite肽基位；P位perinuclearspace核间隙perinucleolarchromatin核仁周围染色质peripheralgranule周边颗粒peripheralprotein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome;microbody过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶体phagosome自噬体phasecontrastmicroscope相差显微镜phenylalaninehydroxylase,PAH苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria,PKU苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol,PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiesterbond磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase,PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油酯phospholipaseC,PLC磷脂酶C phospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞饮作用pinocytoticvesicle吞饮泡plasmacell浆细胞plasmafibronectin,pFN血浆纤连蛋白plasmid质粒pointmutation点突变polarmicrotubule极间微管polarizingmicroscope偏光显微镜polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸反应polyploid多倍体polyribosome多聚核糖体prematurecondensedchromosome,PCC早熟染色体premeiosisinterphase减数分裂前间期primaryconstriction主缢痕primaryculture原代培养primaryculturecell原代细胞programmedcelldeath细胞程序性死亡prokaryotes原核生物prokaryoticcell原核细胞promotor启动子promotorgene启动基因prophase前期protein蛋白质proteinkinaseC,PKC蛋白激酶C proteoglycan,PG蛋白聚糖protofilament原纤维protooncogene原癌基因protoplasm原生质purine嘌呤碱pyrimidine嘧啶碱receptormediatedendocytosis受体介导的内吞作用reciprocaltranslocation相互易位recombinantDNAtechnology重组DNA技术recombinationnodules重组小节recombinationstage重组期recondensationstage再凝集期redifferentiation再分化regulatorgene调节基因releasefactor,RF释放因子replication复制replicationeyes复制眼replicationfork复制叉replicon复制子repressor阻碍物resolvingpower分辨力residualbody残体respiratorychain呼吸链restrictionendonuclease限制性内切核酸酶restrictionpoint限制点reversetranscription逆转录rhofactor,ρρ因子ribonucleicacid,RNA核糖核酸ribophorin核糖体结合蛋白ribosomalRNA核糖体核糖核酸ribosome核糖核蛋白体RNApolymerase RNA聚合酶roughendoplasmicreticulum,rER sac 粗面内质网扁平囊samesensemutation同义突变sarcoplasmicreticulum肌质网satellite随体scanningelectronmicroscope扫描电子显微镜scanningtunnelingmicroscope扫描隧道电子显微镜secondaryconstriction次缢痕secondaryculture传代培养semiautonomousorganelle半自主性的细胞器semiconservativereplication半保留复制semidiscontinuousreplication半不连续复制sensor感受器sequentialexpression顺序表达sexchromosome性染色体signalcodon信号密码子signalhypothesis信号肽假说signalmolecule信号分子signalpeptide信号肽signalrecognitionparticle,SPR信号识别颗粒simplediffusion简单扩散singlesequence单一序列single-strandedDNAbindingprotein单链DNA结合蛋白singlet单管smallnuclearRNA,snRNA小分子细胞核RNA smoothendoplasmicreticulum,sER滑面内质网solenoid螺线管sparsomycin稀疏酶素sphingomyelin神经鞘磷脂spindle纺锤体splicing剪接splitgene断裂基因startcodon起始密码子stemcell干细胞stressfiber张力基因structuralgene结构基因submetacentricchromosome亚中着丝粒染色体supersolenoid超螺线管suppressortRNA校正tRNAsynapsis联会synaptonemalcomplex联会复合体synkaryon合核体synonymouscodon同义密码子synonymousmutation同义突变Tlymphocyte T淋巴细胞tailing加尾telomere端粒telophase末期terminaldeletion末端缺失terminalization端化terminator终止子tetrad四分体tetraploid四倍体thymine胸腺嘧啶threedimensionalstructure,3D三维结构tightjunction紧密连接tissuecell组织细胞tissueengineering组织工程totipotency全能性transGolginetwork反面高尔基网状结构transcribedspacer转录间隔区transcription转录transdifferentiation转分化transferRNA转运核糖核酸transformation转化transition转换translation翻译translocation易位transportprotein运输蛋白transposition转座transversion颠换transmissionelectronmicroscope透视电子显微镜tricarboxylicacidcycle三羧酸循环triggerprotein触发蛋白triplet三联管triploid三倍体triskelion三臂蛋白trisomy三体tubulin微管蛋白tumornecrosisfactor肿瘤坏死因子Turner’ssyndrome先天性卵巢发育不全症tyrosinase,TN酪氨酸酶ultravoltageelectronmicroscope超高压电子显微镜unitmembrane单位膜untranscribedspacer非转录间隔区unwindingprotein解链蛋白uracil尿嘧啶uridinemonophosphate,UMP vacuole 尿苷一磷酸；尿苷酸大囊泡vector载体vesicle小囊泡vinculin粘着斑连接蛋白wobblehypothesis摇摆学说Xchromatin X染色质Ychromatin Y染色质zygotene偶线期麻醉学PublicHealth公共健康Cancer/Oncology癌症/肿瘤PulmonaryDisease肺脏疾病CardiacElectrophysiology心脏电生理Radiation辐射病学Cardiology-Interventional心脏病-介入Radiology放射病学Cardiology-Noninvasive心脏病-无创介入ReproductiveEndocrinology生殖内分泌病学CardiologyandCirculation 心脏与循环系统疾病Respiratory呼吸科ClinicalGenetics临床遗传学Rheumatology风湿病学ClinicalImmunology临床免疫学Stomatology口腔医学clinicallaboratory检验科SexualDysfunction性功能障碍医学ClinicalPharmacology临床药理学SpinalCordInjury脊髓损伤病学ClinicalPsychology临床心理学Surgery-General普通外科CriticalCareMedicine 危重病医学Toxicology毒理学Dentistry牙科Urology泌尿科Dermatology皮肤科VeterinaryScience兽医学Dermatopathology皮肤病理学Virology病毒学Diabetes糖尿病OccupationalMedicine职业医学EmergencyMedicine 急诊医学Oncology-Medical 肿瘤医学Endocrinology内分泌医学Oncology-Radiation 放射肿瘤学Epidemiology流行病学Oncology-Surgical 肿瘤外科手术学FamilyPractice家庭实践医学Ophthalmology眼科Gastroenterology 胃肠病学Orthopedics骨科学Geriatrics老年病学OtherClinicalMedicine 其他临床医学Gynecology妇产科学Otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻咽喉科Hematology血液学PainMedicine疼痛医学Hematology-Oncology 血液肿瘤学PalliativeMedicine姑息医学Hepatology肝脏病学Pathology病理学Hypertension高血压Pediatrics小儿科InfectiousDiseases传染病学PhysicalMedicine&Rehab 理疗与康复InternalMedicine内科学Physiology生理学Maternal&FetalMedicine 孕产妇和胎儿医学plasticsurgery整形外科Microbiology微生物学PreventiveMedicine预防医学Nephrology肾脏病学Psychiatry精神病学Neurology神经病学Psychiatry-Addiction 精神病学-成瘾学Neurology-Child儿童神经病学Psychiatry-Child精神病学-儿童NuclearMedicine核医学Psychiatry-General精神病学-一般Nursing护理学Psychiatry-Geriatric 精神病学-老年Nutrition营养学Pharmacology药理学Obstetrics&Gynecology 妇产科学PlantScience植物科学OccupationalMedicine职业医学Zoology动物学麻醉学PublicHealth公共健康Cancer/Oncology癌症/肿瘤PulmonaryDisease肺脏疾病CardiacElectrophysiology 心脏电生理Radiation辐射病学Cardiology-Interventional 心脏病-介入Radiology放射病学Cardiology-Noninvasive心脏病-无创介入ReproductiveEndocrinology生殖内分泌病学CardiologyandCirculation 心脏与循环系统疾病Respiratory呼吸科ClinicalGenetics临床遗传学Rheumatology风湿病学ClinicalImmunology临床免疫学Stomatology口腔医学clinicallaboratory检验科SexualDysfunction性功能障碍医学ClinicalPharmacology临床药理学SpinalCordInjury脊髓损伤病学ClinicalPsychology临床心理学Surgery-General普通外科CriticalCareMedicine 危重病医学Toxicology毒理学Dentistry牙科Urology泌尿科Dermatology皮肤科VeterinaryScience兽医学Dermatopathology皮肤病理学Virology病毒学Diabetes糖尿病OccupationalMedicine职业医学EmergencyMedicine 急诊医学Oncology-Medical 肿瘤医学Endocrinology内分泌医学Oncology-Radiation 放射肿瘤学Epidemiology流行病学Oncology-Surgical 肿瘤外科手术学FamilyPractice家庭实践医学Ophthalmology眼科Gastroenterology 胃肠病学Orthopedics骨科学Geriatrics老年病学OtherClinicalMedicine 其他临床医学Gynecology妇产科学Otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻咽喉科Hematology血液学PainMedicine疼痛医学Hematology-Oncology 血液肿瘤学PalliativeMedicine姑息医学Hepatology肝脏病学Pathology病理学Hypertension高血压Pediatrics小儿科InfectiousDiseases传染病学PhysicalMedicine&Rehab 理疗与康复InternalMedicine内科学Physiology生理学Maternal&FetalMedicine 孕产妇和胎儿医学plasticsurgery整形外科Microbiology微生物学PreventiveMedicine预防医学Nephrology肾脏病学Psychiatry精神病学Neurology神经病学Psychiatry-Addiction 精神病学-成瘾学Neurology-Child儿童神经病学Psychiatry-Child精神病学-儿童NuclearMedicine核医学Psychiatry-General精神病学-一般Nursing护理学Psychiatry-Geriatric 精神病学-老年Nutrition营养学Pharmacology药理学Obstetrics&Gynecology 妇产科学PlantScience植物科学OccupationalMedicine 职业医学Zoology动物学s。