一般过去时及动词的过去式变化规则
一般过去时
1)、表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态,用动词的过去式来表达,如:
I was at the library yesterday afternoon.
Tom studied hard and did well in the final exam last year.
2)、动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种:
规则动词的过去式:
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。
wanted,played
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d。
hoped,lived
③重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母,
再加-ed stopped
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed。
studied,worried
以元音字母+y结尾的动词,直接加-ed. played, enjoyed
规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。
请记住:清后[t],元浊[d],[t] [d]之后读[id]。
①清辅音后,ed要读[t]。
worked,finished
②元音或浊辅音后,ed要读[d]。
lived,called
③[t]或[d]后,ed读[id]。
started,needed
不规则动词有其自己的变化形式,只能分别记忆。
1. go -went
2.take-took
3. have-had
4.buy-bought
5. eat-ate
6.see-saw
7. hang-hung(悬挂)
8.meet-met
9. win-won(赢得) 10.sleep-slept 11. put-put e-came
13. wake-woke(醒)14.read-read 15let-let (详见课本《不规则动词表》)
3)句式及其变化:
a. be动词过去式的句式:
否定句是在was/were后面加not,was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。
一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首,要求首字母要大写
b. 实义动词过去式的句式:
①肯定式:主语+动词过去式+其它。
如:They had a good time yesterday.
②否定式:主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。
如:They didn't watch TV last night.
③一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't.
如:Did they have a meeting two days ago?
Yes,they did. / No,they didn't.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
如:What time did you finish your homework?
4)一般过去时的时间状语都是明显表示过去的,
如:yesterday、last night、last week、
in 1998、three months ago, three years ago, just now.等。