William Butler Yeats
威廉· 巴特勒· 叶芝
(1865--1939)
英国文学史学生上课ppt
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William Butler Yeats



An Irish poet, dramatist, and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival, and along with Lady Gregory and Edward Martyn founded the Abbey Theatre, serving as its chief during its early years.

other early poems :Poems (1895), The Secret Rose (1897), and The Wind Among the Reeds (苇间风)(1899).(love or mystical and esoteric subjects )
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Maud Gonne

In 1889, Yeats met Maud Gonne（茅德· ）, then a 冈 23-year-old heiress and ardent Nationalist. She had a significant and lasting effect on his poetry and his life thereafter .

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"The Wanderings of Oisin"(乌辛之浪迹) the appeal of
the life of contemplation over the appeal of the life of action(追求冥思的生活抑 或追求行动的生活). Following the work, Yeats never again attempted another long poem.

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Abbey Theatre




In 1899, Yeats, Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn, and George Moore established the Irish Literary Theatre for the purpose of performing Celtic and Irish plays. This group of founders was able, to acquire property in Dublin and open the Abbey Theatre on 27 December, 1904. Yeats' play Cathleen NíHoulihan and Lady Gregory's Spreading the News were featured on the opening night. Yeats continued to be involved with the Abbey until his death, both as a member of the board and a prolific playwright.
followed by the collection The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems (1889), which arranged a series of verse that dated as far back as the mid-1880s.
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Yeats even created a script " Countess Kathleen" (凯丝琳女伯爵)putting her as the prototype , and
wrote the famous song " when you are old"for her. In 1891, he visited Gonne in Ireland and proposed marriage, but was rejected. Yeats proposed to Gonne three more times: in 1899, 1900 and 1901.
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His epitaph is taken from the last lines of "Under Ben Bulben"(本布尔本山 下)one of his final poems: Cast a cold Eye On Life, on Death. Horseman, pass by. (掷冷冷的一眼, 看生 看 死,骑士啊越过生死向 前 ！)-----传递出叶芝对 生与死的超越。
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Education


At first the Yeats children were educated at home. Their mother entertained them with stories and Irish folktales. John provided an erratic education in geography and chemistr On 26 January 1877（when he was 13）, the young poet entered the Godolphin primary school, In October 1881(when he was 17), Yeats resumed his education at Dublin's Erasmus Smith High School (started writing poetry ) Between 1884 & 1886, William attended the Metropolitan School of Art—now the National College of Art and Design—in Thomas Street. (first known works were written when he was seventeen, and include a poem heavily influenced by Percy Bysshe Shelley )


Yeats' first significant poem was "The Isle of Statues" 《雕塑的岛屿 》 His first solo publication was the pamphlet Mosada: A Dramatic Poem (1886), which comprised a print run of 100 copies paid for by his father.
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In 1923, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for what the Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation." (用鼓舞人心的诗篇，以高度的艺术形式表达了整个
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Young poet

Yeats's early poems are usually based on Irish mythology and folklore(爱尔兰神话和民间传说), his language style is influenced by the PreRaphaelite prose(拉斐尔前派散文) effect.
民族的精神风貌)

He was the first Irishman so honored.
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Life time
A verse in the textbook Other works
A famous verse
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In 1890, Yeats co-founded the Rhymers' Club with Ernest Rhys,[18] a group of London based poets who met regularly in a Fleet Street tavern to recite their verse.
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