4. 专业英语的学习方法 专业英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读 的方法也所不同，专业英语阅读要把准理 解放在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅 读速度。和其他的英语能力一祥，专业英 语阅读能力，需要通过长期的实践才能获 得，不可能一蹴而就，多读多练是提高专 业英语阅读能力的最有效的方法。
1.2 专业英语的基本特点
■名词：in the light of 由于，根据 high light(s) 强光，精华 safety light 安全指示灯 ■形容词：light industry light room light blue
■副词：travel light light come, light go
★非谓语动词多
∞ infinity ∵ because ∴ therefore → maps into x+y x plus y （a+b） bracket a plus b bracket closed a=b a equals b ，a is equal to b，a is b a≠b a is not equal to b，a is not b a ±b a plus or minus b a≈b a is approximately equal to b a＞b a is greater than b a>>b a is much [far] greater than b a≥b a is greater than or equal to b
为了了解专业英语的特点，我们先阅读下面一段科技论文。 Despite the tests described in Chapters 1l and 12，materials may still fail in service，sometimes with disastrous results (e.g. when the failure occurs in aircraft．bridges，ships，etc.). To try to avoid such disastrous occurring，the designer avoids using materials continuously at their maximum allowable stress. This is done by employing a factor of safety. Unfortunately，increasing the strength of a component in the interests of safety not only increases the initial material costs， but also the operating costs. For example，the stronger and heavier the structure members of an aircraft，the fewer passengers it can carry and the more fuel it consumers．Therefore a balance has to be maintained between safety，initial cost and operating costs．The designer is constantly striving to improve the former whilst reducing the latter．
第一篇
1.1 概述
1. 课程教学目的
专业英语基础
绪 论
第1 章
培养学生对专业语言的理解能力和应用 能力；让学生承担专业阅读必需的基本技能 和知识，使学生能够以英语为工具获取专业 科技知识及其他与专业有关的信息。
2. 专业英语的起源 最初出现于20世纪50年代。 3. 专业英语的教学特点
语言教学密切结合专业知识，教材大都 来源于相关的专业文献。
There is an increasing belief in the idea that the
“problem solving attitude” of the engineer must be
buttressed(维持，支持，支撑) not only by technical knowledge and “scientific analysis” but that the engineer must also be aware of economics and psychology and, perhaps even more important, that
Factories will not buy machines unless they believe that the machine will produce goods that they are able to sell to consumers at a price that will cover all cost.
可以得出专业英语的特点：
1. 在文章结构方面，逻辑严谨，层次分明，复杂长句多；
2. 在用词方面，必然要用到专业术语和专业单词，以及词
性变换多； 3. 在语法方面，非谓语动词多，较多地使用被动语态； 4. 另一个重要特点是采用图表等非语言因素表达思想。
★复杂长句多
■语法分析 ■符合汉语习惯 ■以短代长、化难为易
If the fastening shown in Fig. 1.1 is overstressed by applying excess torque to the nut (for example，by extending the length of the spanner with a tube)，the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic range．Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is，it becomes permanently lengthened，the “spring back” is seriously reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together. Thus for critical assemblies，the designer will seek to control the stress in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a “torque spanner” set to a specific value.
1.3专业英语中的常用符号 和数学式的表达
1/2 a half ，one half 1/3 a third，one third 2/3 two thirds 1/4 a quarter，one quarter,a fourth，one fourth 1/100 a（one） hundredth 1/1000 a（one） thousandth 113/324 one hundred and thirteen over three hundred and twenty four 4⅔ four and two thirds 0.25 zero （naught）point two five
Байду номын сангаас
he must understand the world around him.
★词性转换多
英语单词有不少是多性词，如：
Above
■介词：above all (things)
■形容词：for the above reason
■副词：as(has been ) indicated above
Light
The stress in the bolt is made up of two elements. Firstly, the stress imparted by the initial tightening of the bolt; secondly，the stress imparted by the load on the fastening in service．The sum of these stress must not be allowed to approach，let alone exceed，the yield stress for the material of it will cease to act in an elastic manner．Therefore the designer proportions the fastening (another components) so as that there is a factor of safety．Usually the designer assumes an allowable working stress of only half the yield stress for the material.
■动名词 ■分词：现在分词和过去分词 ■不定式 例句： To be a true professional requires lifelong learning 要成为一个名副其实的内行，需要 学到老。
Heating water does not change its chemical composition. 把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。 Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。