cleavage 卵裂 The mitotic division of the zygote that occurs immediately after fertilization and produces a ball of smaller cells without an overall increase in size. mitotic 有丝分裂的 fertilization 授精 overall 全面的
organogenesis [生]器官发生 [生 The formation of organs. ovary (生物) 卵巢, (植物)子房 (生物 卵巢, (植物 生物) 植物) The female sex organs that produce haploid sexcells, the eggs or ova. ovum 卵, 卵子
gene amplification 基因扩增 A temporary dramatic increase in the numbers of a particular gene in a genome during one developmental period. genome [生]基因组 [生 dramatic 显著地, 生动的 显著地,
blastomere 分裂球：在早期胚胎发育时受精 分裂球： 卵分裂产生的 One of several small cells formed from an animal zygote during cleavage. form from 由...组成, 用...构成 ...组成, ...构成 zygote [生物] 受精卵 [生物] cleavage 卵裂
mesoderm 中胚层：中间胚芽层，位于外胚层 中胚层：中间胚芽层， 和内胚层之间，最终发育成结缔组织、 和内胚层之间，最终发育成结缔组织、肌 骨骼、 肉、骨骼、泌尿系统及循环系统 The middle layer of the three germ layers of triploblastic animal embryos. It develops into cartilage, bone, muscle, blood, kidneys, and gonads. triploblastic 三胚层的 cartilage 软骨 kidney 肾 gonad 性腺, 生殖腺 性腺,
metamorphosis 变态 The transformation from larval to adult form. transformation 变化, 转化 larval 幼虫的 变化, morphogenesis 形态发生：有机体或部分结构 形态发生： 的形成； 的形成；组织和器官在发展过程中的变异或 生长 The developmental processes leading to the characteristic mature form of an organism or part of an organism. developmental 发育的nimal Development Glossary acrosome reaction 顶体反应 That series of observable, structural changes undergone by a sperm when in the vicinity of an ovum in the oviduct. Specifically, many openings appear in the sperm head membrane,through which the contents of the acrosome appear to be released. observable显著的, observable显著的,看得见的 undergo 经历 sperm 精子 vicinity 附近 ovum 卵, 卵子 oviduct [解]输卵管 [解 specifically 特定的 opening 口子, 通路 口子, membrane 膜, 隔膜 appear 看来, 似乎 看来,
ectoderm 外胚层：胚胎最初三层胚层中的最外一 外胚层： 由此发育成为表皮、 层，由此发育成为表皮、神经组织和脊椎动物的感 觉器官 The outermost of the germ layers of metazoan embryos. It develops mainly into epidermal tissue, the nervous system, sense organs, and(in lower forms) the nephridia. germ layer 胚叶, 胚层 胚叶, metazoan 多细胞动物 epidermal 表皮的,外皮的 nephridia 肾管 表皮的,
primitive streak 原条 A longitudinal band of embryonic mesodermal cells that develops within a dorsal groove along the length of the gastrula of mammals and birds. embryonic 胚胎的 mesodermal 中胚层的 dorsal 背的 , 脊的 groove 凹槽 regeneration 再生, 重建 再生, The replacement by an organism of tissues or organs that have been lost. replacement 复位,替代 复位,
parthenogenesis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖：一种 单性生殖，孤雌生殖： 配子未经受精就能发育成新个体的生殖方 式。 Reproduction in which eggs develop normally without being fertilized by a male gamete,producing an individual usually genetically identical to the parent.
gastrula 原肠胚：一种囊胚之后的胚胎，含 原肠胚：一种囊胚之后的胚胎， 有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层， 有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层，包围着通 过胚孔跟外界交流的原肠 The stage in the development of animal embryos that follows the blastula and results from gastrulation. The cells of a gastrula are differentiated into the germ layers and the central cavity opens to the exterior by the blastopore. exterior 外部的, 表面的 外部的, blastopore 胚孔
differentiation 分化 The complex of changes involved in the progressive diversification of the structure and functioning of the cells of an organism. For a given line of cells, differentiation results in a continual restriction of the types of transcription that each cell can undertake. progressive 渐进的 diversification 变化, 多样化 变化, given 特定的, 假设的 特定的, result in 导致 continual 连续的, 频繁的 restriction 限制, 约束 连续的, 限制, transcription 转录 undertake 开始,采取 开始,
oviduct 输卵管 The tube (fallopian tube) that carries the primary oocyte to the uterus. fallopian tube 输卵管 oocyte 卵母细胞 uterus 子宫 ovum 卵, 卵子 An unfertilized non-motile female gamete. In nonmany animals it is produced in the ovary. ovary 卵巢, (植物)子房 卵巢, (植物)
endoderm 内胚层 The innermost of the germ layers of metazoan embryos. innermost 最里面的 fertilization 受精 The joining of haploid nuclei, usually from an egg and a sperm cell, resulting in a diploid cell called the zygote.
neurulation 神经胚形成 Developmental stage in an embryo during which the cells differentiate into the brain and spinal cord. differentiate 分化 spinal cord 脊髓 oogenesis 卵子发生 The specific name given to the gametogenesis process that leads to the formation of eggs. gametogenesis 配子形成
blastula 囊胚：分裂受精卵产生的早期胚胎 囊胚： 外形， 外形，由球形细胞层组成也作 blastosphere The stage of the early animal embryo that succeeds cleavage and precedes gastrulation. A blastula is usually made up of a hollow ball of cells, with a wall one to several cells thick;the central cavity is the blastocoel. embryo胚胎 embryo胚胎 precede 领先(于), 在...之前 领先( ...之前 gastrulation [医]原肠胚形成 [医 cavity 洞, [解剖]腔 [解剖] blastocoel [生物]囊胚腔 [生物]