第一单元1. starvevt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死She s starving herself trying to lose weight.她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。
常用结构：starve for渴望得到……starve to death 饿死be starved of极需，缺乏starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. starvation n. 挨饿；饿死2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任；信仰，信心believe vi.&vt. 相信have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心beyond belief 难以置信in the belief that ... 相信……It is my belief that ...我相信……He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。
3. gainn. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is. The company has made notable gains in productivity.My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。
易混辨析gain/win/get/earn/acquiregain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。
win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。
4. awardvt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定n.奖，奖品；奖金Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.He got the highest award in the contest.award/prize/rewardaward既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。
这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。
也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。
He won the award for the best student of the year.A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.He received a medal as a reward for his courage.5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。
其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。
admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人in admiration of 表示钦佩with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。
I admire him for his success in business.Aren‘t you going to admire my new house?联想拓展warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事demand answer of sb.要求某人答复ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙6. remindvt. 提醒；使想起常用结构:remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.7. permission n. \[U\]许可，允许permit vt. 准许，许可，允许n. 许可(证）；执照常用结构：with/without (one s) permission 得到允许/未经允许ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事have one s permission 得到某人的同意8. clothing n. (总称)衣服，服装\[U\]Check your belongings and make sure you don t leave your articles of clothing behind.Food, clothing and shelter are everyone‘s priorities.易错辨析clothing/clothes/clothclothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。
选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)①The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more .③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl?答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth9. take place发生；举行In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.The Olympic Games take place every four years.联想拓展take one s place=take the place of ...代替……take the first place 获得第一名in place of 代替take place/happen/break out/occurtake place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。
happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。
break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
occur指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。
常见结构：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。
It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.10. in memory of=to the memory of 纪念；追念Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.联想拓展in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意in praise of 歌颂；称赞in favour of 赞同, 支持in charge of 负责in need of 需要；缺少in search of 寻找in possession of 拥有11. dress updress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.结构。
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!They dress up for the occasion.She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy dress ball.联想拓展be dressed in 穿着……衣服be dressed as 打扮成be well dressed 衣着讲究dress oneself 穿衣，打扮dress sb. 给某人穿衣服高手过招搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
Remember not to play any tricks on the disabled.记住不要戏弄残疾人。
联想拓展play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑make fun of sb. 取笑某人laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人smile at sb. 向某人微笑make a fool of 愚弄;嘲笑高手过招用适当的介词填空（原创）①Tom liked making fun others in public.②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled.③These boys like playing tricks their teacher.④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.答案：①of②at③on④at13. look forward to期待某事／做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词)We should look forward to the futurity.我们应该展望未来。