2015考研英语关键语法第一部分：核心语法一、分词（V+ing,V+ed）1.区别动名词（1）作主语和宾语Saying is easier than doing.（说比做容易。
）（2）作介词宾语We get pleasure from loving and being loved.（我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。
）2.分词作定语（1）前置①The beginning student should be given more encouragement.（初学者应多给予鼓励。
）②A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.（均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。
）（2）后置①Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.（靠山吃山）②Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.（小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。
）3.分词作状语①Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.（听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了）。
②Seen from the pagoda,the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.（从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。
）③Printed white,the house looks bigger.（漆成白色后，这房子像是更大了。
）④Having written an important letter,I listened to the music for a while.1（写完一封重要的信之后，我听了一会儿音乐。
）⑤Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.（持极端观点的人认为，人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
）⑥An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.（对于计算机课堂教学，人们在观点上存在着一条无形的界线：有人认为应从学生的就业前景来考虑这一问题，而另一些人认为应从推行彻底的教育改革方面来更加全面地考虑计算机进入教室这一问题。
）（区别动名词短语作主语）Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.（2005-49）（创造一种能够尊重不同文化与传统的欧洲特色并不是一件很容易的事情，而这些文化传统将会成为维系欧洲大陆的基础结构，这需要一种战略性的选择。
）4.独立主格结构Mary coming back,they discussed it together.（=When mary came back…）（玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。
）Health and persistence given,one can do great things.（=If health and persistence are given…）（有健康的身体和顽强的毅力的话，一个人能做出伟大的事情。
）The moon having risen,they took a walk in the fields.（=When the moon had risen…）（月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。
）So much time having been spent,the work is only half done.（=Though so much time has been spent…）（虽然花了这么多时间，这项工作才做了一半。
）But with homework counting for no more than10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.（但是由于作业在成绩中所占的比例不超过10%，学生很可能少做一半的作业，而在他们的成绩单上也不会有什么差别。
）二、定语从句A：He has one sister who is working in the city.B：He has one sister,who is working in the city.2考研讯息 C：All the people in the auditorium who had enough of classical music start to leave.D：All the people in the auditorium,who had enough of classical music,start to leave.E：The bookstore which sells this book is the largest one in Nanjing.F：The bookstore where I work is the largest one in Nanjing.1.Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture”,like the concept of“set”in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.（2003-50）（因此，人类学中的“文化”就象数学中的“集”一样，是一个抽象概念，这种抽象概念使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
）2.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.（2006-46）（我将其定义为这样一个人：他以苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题，并将此当作人生的主要责任和乐趣。
）3.Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,…（2003-46）（而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，…）4.It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.（2010）（这一体系容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
）5.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.（这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕作方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
）6.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter,we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.（现在，既然对智力的评估是比较性的，那么，在对我们的对象进行比较时，所采用的尺度就应当是“有效的”或“公平的”。
）7.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invited you to think that animals should be treated either with consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.（这在一开始就将问题引向极端，它让人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么象对待人类自身那样去关怀，要么完全冷漠无情。
）38.On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.（在另一层面上，许多医学界人士承认，关于辅助自杀的争论的升温的部分原因在于病人的绝望情绪，对这些病人来说，现代医学事实上延长了临终前身体的痛苦。