The lead is the most distinctive feature of news discourse.
News lead often includes six elements of journalism, which are what, when, who, where, why and how (time, location, participants, event or action and circumstances).
① Who ——（eleven people …and four … ) ② Why —— (Typhoon Chanchu) ③ When —— (yesterday) ④ Where —— (Guangdong and Fujian Provinces) ⑤ How ——（eleven people were killed and four missing）

Classification of News Lead 1. Direct lead which tells the most important elements of news directly to the readers. 2. Delayed lead freely applies literary methods to arouse the interest of readers rather than the timeliness of an event.
新闻英语中常见的体裁主要有三大类：消息（news）、 特写（features）和新闻评论（commentaries and col体结构无定格。但大 体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分 组成。


标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。
Direct lead —— the simplest and most common style







It should: - a single paragraph of a single sentence - no more than 30 words - Summarize most newsworthy info. - i.e. “what”, “where” and “when” of the news (sometimes also “why” and “how”, only if there’s room) e.g.: Fire destroyed a house on Main Street early Monday morning. w what: Fire destroyed a house w where: on Main Street w when: early Monday morning


Eleven people were killed and four missing yesterday after Typhoon Chanchu pummelled Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. （China Daily, May 19, 2006） ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★ ☆★
Testing and Evaluation
序号 1 项目 平时作业+学习 态度 3 期中测试 100分 课堂测试（约第9周） 分值 100分 评分 标准 缺勤一次扣5分，缺勤三次取消选修分（课堂 进行不定时点名）
4
期末考试
100分
课堂测试（（约第16周）
总 评成绩
100分
平时（60%）+期中测试（20%）+ 期末测试 （20%）





If there is more space… The lead should summarize the “why” and “how” (also “who” if it is involved in the story) E.g.: An elderly man died early Monday morning when fire sparked by faulty wiring raged through his Main Street home. who: An elderly man why: …fire…raged through his Main Street home how:… sparked by faulty wiring…
Features of News Lead News leads refer to the beginning paragraphs of a news report, delivering the most important or relevant information of a news event.
Mass Media Reading
Course Information
课程名称 学 学 时 分 Mass Media Reading 34 2 第1学期(共1学期） 选修
开课学期 课程类别
Aims of the course


Give a systematic understanding of the features of news English reading. Offer an insight into the latest international news focus .
It usually contains one sentence, but sometimes two. It answers immediately, in almost thirty - five words or less, the main questions of who, what, when, where. It is used at the top of most stories. The best direct leads start with a compelling noun and a strong verb, not with a prepositional phrase.
A lead is the key to any successful story. It is an invitation and it also must be appropriate for the news and clear to readers. Lead might contain only one sentence or two or more. A lead should be as economical as possible in wording while providing information as rich as possible.
Hard news / soft news

按照事件的性质分类，新闻可分为“硬新闻（hard news ）和“软新闻”（soft news）两大类; 硬新闻也就是“纯新闻消息报道”，指题材严肃，具有一 定时效性的客观事实报道；


软新闻是指情感味浓，写作方法诙谐，轻松幽默的社会新 闻，不注重时效性。
Introduction
A short story writer will typically tell his tale in a manner similar to how it actually occurred. He will probably organize the story in the same way that it happened in time, from beginning to end or climax. He will likely begin with the minor facts and build his story to the climax. Here is a diagram of the organization of the typical short story.



Function
牵引主题的作用，使读者看了导语就知道这条消息的大体
信息，从而引出主题以及阐述这个主题的主体。

逗引读者的阅读兴趣，使读者在阅读导语的过程中，产生
阅读兴趣，情不自禁地把新闻读下去。
Classification


从新闻内容的展开方式上分类: 直接式导语(direct lead) --概括性导语（summary lead） --主要事实导语（main-fact lead） 延缓式导语(delayed lead) --描写式导语(descriptive lead)--- detail --引语式导语(quote lead)--- like “…..” said sb. --悬念式导语 (suspense lead) – give an answer later --人称式导语（personal lead）or 直呼式导语 （ Direct-address lead） – use “you” or “I” --问句式导语（Question lead) --对比式导语（Contrast lead） --轶事式导语(anecdotal lead)
Direct Lead
Direct lead which is often used in hard news, also called summary lead, reveals immediately what the story is about. It is the summary or statement of the most important facts contained in the story. It is the climax, the result of the investigation,the theme.