重点：1)What is Negotiation“Negotiation”means “doing business”or a discussion aimed at reaching an agreement.Four main phases of negotiation:The preparing phase （预备阶段）The debating phase （争论阶段）The proposal phase （建议阶段）The bargaining phase（讨价还价阶段）或者是Pre-NegotiationFace-to-Face Negotiation ( At the Negotiation )Post-NegotiationWhat is business negotiationBusiness Negotiation is a kind of discussion aimed at reaching a business agreement or abusiness contract.Four stages in business negotiationnon-task sounding （开局前的试探）task-related exchange of information （交换与谈判目标有关的信息）persuasion （说服）concessions and agreements （让步与同意）3）Some Issues that Chinese Corporations and Negotiators Need to AddressChinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the direct manner of American businessmen.The decision-making process of Chinese companies is generally both slow and time-consuming. On the other hand, American companies usually operate with quick decision made by the top management.Different Business Communication Styles between China and the USAManner: Direct Manner / Indirect MannerDecision-Making: Quick, Top-Down / Slow, Tine-ConsumingWork Ethic: Individual Oriented / Social PressureValue Results more than its Process / Community Belonging, Priority to Planning Merits: Efficiency / Encourage CooperationCompetition in Workers / more HumaneDemerits: Frustrating Workers / Lack of Efficiency and Competition4）China’s Foreign Trade PolicyThe principle of China’s foreign trade is “equality, mutual benefit and exchanging what onehas for what one needs”.（平等互利，互通有无）5）An Introduction to the Five Links of International Business NegotiationEnquiry （询盘）Offer （发盘）Counter-Offer （还盘）Acceptance （接受）Conclusion of a Contract（缔结合同）Of course, it is not necessary to have all the five links taken for every transaction. Sometimes, only offer and acceptance will do. It is stipulated in the laws of some countries that only offer andacceptance are the two required factors, failure of which will make no contract.Brief Introduction to Incoterms®2010Incoterms are used in international import/export contract to show the responsibility of the buyers and the sellers. They define who is responsible for “freight”or “carriage”(transportation) , insurance against risks, “duty”(tariff) and “clearance”(import and export documentation).The word “INCOTERMS”is short for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms, and most frequently used in international sales transactions.The latest version is INCOTERMS ® 2010, which already became effective on Jan. 1st 2011. Previous versions, including INCOTERMS 2000, are now outdatedThe ® sign means a registered trade mark, it became a necessary part of Incoterms ®2010 International Tender or Bid 国际性招投标Concepts Related Tender or Bid onTender 投标(British English)Bid 投标(American English)submit a tender / bid（submission of tender / bid）投标Tenderer or bidder 投标者Winning bidder / successful tenderer 中标者To invite tender / bid 招标Invitation for (to) tender / Bids 招标Tenderee / the bid inviting party 招标人/ 招标方Generally speaking, people often using tendering / bidding to refer to invite tender / bid and tender / bid.Tendering / Bidding 招投标International tendering / international bidding 国际招投标Submission of Tender (投标)Tenders’/ Bidders’behaviors to deliver their bid / tenders forms to the tenderee according to the conditions of the Tender notice within the specified period of time.投标人根据招标公告或招标单规定的条件，在指定的时间内向招标人递盘的行为。
Legally, the tender / bid is an offer, which is equivalent to the offer in international trade negotiation.在法律上投标属于要约，相当于国际贸易谈判中的发盘。
General Procedures of Bidding 招标基本程序Preparation of Bidding Documents编制招标文件或标书Publicizing the Invitation for Bids发布招标邀请书Preparation of Bids编制投标书Submission of Bids递送投标书Opening and Evaluation of Bids开标与评标Award决标8）Definition of International Investment 国际投资的定义The international investment is a form of the cross-border flows of International Monetary Capital and International Industrial Capital. It is a kind of economic activities to invest the monetary capital from a country or region to another country or region in order to realize the value increment.国际投资是国际货币资本及国际产业资本跨国流动的一种形式，是将资本从一个国家或地区投向另一国家或地区以实现价值增值的经济活动。
国际投资可以看成一般投资在国际上的扩展。
它既具有一般投资的特征，又有其国际性的特殊性。
International Direct Investment and International Indirect Investment 按照投资主体是否拥有对海外企业的实际经营管理权，分为:1) International Direct Investment (国际直接投资)国际直接投资，又称为对外直接投资（FDI）、境外直接投资、外国直接投资或海外直接投资，指投资者到国外直接开办工矿企业或经营其他企业，即将其资本直接投放到生产经营中以获取长期利益的经济活动，其特征在于:投资者能够对企业的经营管理拥有有效的控制。