名词复数变化规则变化1) 一般情况加s例如：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars（清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/，/s/、/z/、/dʒ/等音后发/iz/)2) 以s, sh, ch, x结尾加es，读/iz/。
例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes3) 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，读/iz/。
例如：baby---babies city-cities country-countries4) 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s，读/z/ monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays Mary---Marys(专有名词)5）以辅音字母+o结尾的，加es，读/iz/。
例如：potato- potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes Negro-Negroes7) 有些以辅音+o结尾的名词，直接加s，读/z/.例如：piano-pianos photo-photos alto-altos soprano-sopranosquarto-quartos(四开本)8）有些以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变ve加s，例如：leaf-leaves shelf-shelves 不规则变化1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。
但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
例如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle.4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
例如："The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼。
7）有些表示生物的名词，其复数形式与单数相同。
如：fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer。
这类名词还有aircraft, means等不可数名词1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。
（不可数）These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。
（可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。
例如：This factory produces steel. （不可数）We need various steels. （可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。
例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。
例如：four freedoms四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water a piece of advicea pile of caol a flash of lightening a burst of laughter名词复数练习一、单项选择( )1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A. clothB. waterC. flowers( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A. boyB. boysC. boies( )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?A. footsB. feetC. feets( )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese( )5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?A. fishB. bookC. horse( )6. The _____ has two______.A. boy; watchB. boy; watchesC. boys; watch( )7. The _____ are flying back to their country.A. GermanyB. GermanysC. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A. toothsB. teethC. teeths( )9.I saw many _____ in the street.A. peoplesB.peopleC.people’s( )10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’s二、选择填空( )1. They come from different ______A. countryB. countriesC. a countryD. countrys( )2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?A. tomatosB. tomatoesC. tomatoD. the tomato( )3. They are______.A . woman teachers B. women teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher( )4. Would you like _______ ,please?A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waterC. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters( )5. Most of ______ live in _______.A. Germans, GermanB. German, GermenC. Germen, GermanyD. Germans, Germany( )6. There are some ______ in these _______.A. knifes pencil-boxesB. knives pencils-boxC. knives pencil-boxD. knives pencils-boxes( )7. ______ like ______ by air.A. Greens, travellingB. The Green, travelingC. The Greens, travelD. The Greens, traveling( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A. the peopleB. peopleC. peoplesD. the peoples( )9. There is no ______ in the plate.A. applesB. orangesC. riceD. eggs( )10.My uncle has three _______.A.childB.childsC.childrenD.childrens三. 填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two____________ (knife)2. There are many ___________ here. (box)3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child)6. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo)7. I like the red ________________.(tomato)8. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)9. Do you want some _________? (milk)10. There are ten ___________________in our school. (woman teacher)。