2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。

时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。

《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。

xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。

xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。

xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。

各种时态构成表：（以do为例）一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。

（1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes2．功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。

例如：①I have a dream.②She loves music.③Mary's parents get up very early.（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom等时间副词连用。

例如：①I always take a walk after supper.②She writes to me very often.③She is an English teacher.（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。

例如：①The earth moves around the sun.②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.③Two and two makes four.④ No man but errs.（4）表示将来发生的动作：A．在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。

例如：① I'll tell her when she es tomorrow.② Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.④ I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。

例如：①The play begins at 6:30 this evening.②When does the plane take off?③He leaves for that city next week.④According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock.二．一般过去时：动词的过去式1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。

例如：①We visited the school last spring.②I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.③China was founded in 1949.2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。

例如：①She told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day.②They would not leave until she came back.③His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house.三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：①He will graduate from the college next year.②We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.2．将来时的其它结构。

例如：I .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作be gonna）①I'm going to buy a new car this fall.②He is going to sell his house.注意：be going to与will的对比：下列情况须用will①I will be sixteen years old next year.②It will be the 20th of August tomorrow.③When he es, I will give him your message.II. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。

例如：①Am I to take over his work?②We are to meet at the gate.III. is/am/are about to do sth.即将做某事。

例如：①The talk is about to begin.四．一般过去将来时：would + 动词原形1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。

例如：①He said that they would meet me at the station.②She told me that she would e to see me.2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。

例如：①Whenever he had time,Tom would go to see his grandma.②The old couple would go for a walk after supper.注意句型：was/were about to do sth. when……正要做某事,这时……=was/were on the point of doing sth. when……（when引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如：①He was about to go out when the telephone rang.②I was about to go shopping when it rained.③She was on the point of having supper when the light went off.五．现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词1．表示现在正在进行的动作。

例如：①The water is boiling. Shall I make tea?②The workers are building a new bridge across the river.2．表现阶段正进行的动作。

例如：①He is taking physics this semester.②We are preparing for our final examination this week.③Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight.3．go, e, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。

例如：① Look! The bus is ing.②The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.③Alice is leaving for Shanghai with her mother.4．与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。

例如：①He is always thinking of others.②The boy is continually making noises.③The teacher is constantly criticizing her for being late.六．过去进行时：was /were +现在分词1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。

例如：①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.②When I arrived, they were watching TV.③The y were doing housework this time last week.2．用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。

例如：①She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping.②I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast.3．过去某时将发生的事。

例如：①They told me that they were leaving for New York.②He was going out when I arrived.七．将来进行时：shall / will be + 现在分词1．表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。