50个学术用语，让你英语论文更专业论文写作可能是英语精进的最难关之一。
要掌握这项高级写作技能，需要有完美的英语的语法，精准的词汇和对主题深刻的理解。
另外，论文写作还是一种专门的文体（正式和专业性），这一点对于英语非母语的作者来说可能比较难拿捏（甚至对英语母语的作者也一样很难！)。
想要提升学术英语写作，其中一个方法就是学习一些有用的固定搭配，这样一来文章就会显得更自信、更专业，论文的专业度和正式性恰到好处。
下文我们会列举50个最有用的论文写作固定搭配，附有定义和例子，全都取材于真实的学术论文。
学习要点：将下列固定搭配用到你写的文章中去。
想一想语法上对不对？内容上说不说得通？把自己写的句子和下面的例子比较下，看看用得对不对。
Accurate assessment - correct and precise evaluation of something or someone 准确评价：对某事或某人进行正确而精准的评估- E.g. “Accurate assessment of head motion can be a useful tool in clinical studies”.例子：对头部运动的准确评价可以作为临床研究的有用手段。
Address the issue - consider or deal with the matter at hand解决问题：考虑或者解决棘手的问题- E.g. “To help address this issue, we have extended our previous study and examined in detail the…”.例子：为了帮助解决问题，我们对之前的研究作了拓展，继续探究细节方面……Adversely affect - change in a negative way产生不利影响：作出不良改变- E.g. “A literature search was performed to determine whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adversely affect the healing of stress fractures”.例子：经过文献检索，我们发现抗炎药（NSAIDs）是否对应力性骨折产生不良影响。
Become apparent - to be suddenly clear or obvious显性化：突然变得清晰或者明显- E.g. “They become apparent, however, when a new molecular species is introduced into the atmosphere...”.例子：当一种新的分子种类进入大气层，分子们就成显性。
Brief overview - a non-detailed look at the subject as a whole概述：对事物进行笼统的描述。
- E.g. “This paper offers a brief but broad overview of the field of individual of language learning”.例如：这篇论文对某一种独立的语言学习进行了概述。
Broad range - of extensive scope广泛：涉及大面积领域- E.g. “The colour produced from this reaction is stable and increases in a proportional fashion over a broad range of increasing protein concentrations”.例如：反应所产生的颜色很稳定，成比例地且大量增加了蛋白质的浓度。
Causal link - one thing being responsible for another因果联系：两件事有因果联系- E.g. “A causal link between high need for achievement and small business ownership is not found”.例如：我们并没有找到成功的高需求和小企业的拥有权之间的因果关系。
Characteristic feature - a feature which distinguishes or defines something or someone本质特征：能够体现或者定义某个人或某件事情的特征- E.g. “The characteristic feature of the book is the effort to explain the mathematical origins of the most widely used statistical formulas in terms that persons with comparatively little mathematical training can easily follow”.例子：此书的本质特征旨在阐述最广泛应用的统计公式的数学起源，即便读者相对来说没有太多数学背景，也可以读懂此书。
Deeply rooted - firmly implanted or established根深蒂固：深深地扎根或建立- E.g. “This book describes efforts to develop an approach to teaching and teacher education that is deeply rooted in the study of practice”.例子：此书力求开发一种教学和教师教育手段，此方法源于实践深处。
Detailed analysis - an in-depth study细部分析：详细而深刻的研究- E.g. “The major difference between my book and others at this level is its coverage of the detailed analysis of experiments”.例子：在这个层面上，我的书和其他人的区别就在于对于实验的细部分析。
Essential component - a vital part of something重要组成部分：某事物的重要部分- E.g. “We show here that these proteins are an essential component of the cell surface receptor”.例子：我们这里显示，这些蛋白质是细胞表面受体的重要组成部分。
Establish a relationship - to prove or show a link between two things建立联系：证明二者之间有关系。
- E.g. “Our aim was to establish the relationship between aortic stiffness and stroke death in hypertensive patients”.例子：我们的目标是证明主动脉硬化和中风死亡在高血压患者中存在联系。
Existing research - previous academic work on the same subject现有研究：对同一问题先前做的研究。
- E.g. “This working paper reviews the existing research evidence about the additional costs or deprivation that disabled people face”.例子：这篇研究审议了关于残疾人面临的额外开支和贫困状况的现有研究。
First impression - initial thought on a subject, prior to any detailed analysis 最初观点：在任何细节分析之前，对一个主题的最先的看法。
- E.g. “Our first impression was strengthened by the fact that we were aware a condition existed in Povoa de Varzim”.例子：我们发现曾经出现在波瓦珍的病情，这印证了我们的最初观点。
Frequently cited - often quoted or referred to in reference to something 频频引用：多次被引用- E.g. “It should be recognized that other systems are frequently cited, particularly in engineering literature”.例子：我们应该认识到，其他的系统经常被引用，尤其在工程学得文献中。
Fundamental principle - principle from which other principles can be derived 基本原理：最最基础的原理，其他原理从其中得来。
- E.g. “The authors argue for the restoration of beneficence to its place as the fundamental principle of medical ethics”.例子：作者论证指出，医学伦理的基本原理在于对善心的重建归位。
General consensus - the majority opinion on a topic普遍认同：对此话题的普遍意见- E.g. “There is a general consensus that forward exchange rates have little, if any power as forecasts of future spot exchange rates”.例如：大家普遍认同，远期汇率对预测未来现汇汇率几乎没有影响。
Gain insight - achieve a more profound understanding获得真知灼见：得到更深刻的理解- E.g. “Through this comparison we hope to gain insight into the way they perform specific tasks”.例如：通过此次对比，我们希望对他们进行这次实验有更深刻的认识。