2) Without air, we couldn’t live. 以but for, without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式 和if的主句的一致。 3)3) If only the weather were fine. 以If only开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的 一致。 4)4) I had been there by taxi, otherwise I would
八、由as if或as though引导的状语从句，其谓语 动词用过去式或had + 动词的过去分词。
1) He appears as though he _A___ an Italian.
A. were B. was C. has been D. be
2) It seems as if he __D__ there yesterday.
与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成 时。
条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条 件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。
a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可 能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或 几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
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一、用法归纳:
虚拟语气在条件状语从时态
从句(if …)
主句
与现 在事实 相反的
A.Was he leaving
B. If he leaves
B.C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving
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六 有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用but for, without, if only, otherwise等词。
1) But for your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
三 与将来事实相反
从句谓语： 1）过去时 2）should + 动词原形
主句谓语： 3) were to + 动词原形
would, should, could, might +动词原形
1)If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film.
2) If he should have time next Sunday, he would go to visit the Great Wall.
在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表 示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的 形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。
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1)She talked about America as if he had been born there.
2) He sings as though he were a singer.
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Had I had time, I would have gone to see the film.
=If I had had time, I would have gone to see the film.
五 在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if ，但要 把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。
__C__ today, he would get there on Friday.
A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
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九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
(1）* wish + 宾语从句
1)I wish I were a doctor. 与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。
2) I wish I should go abroad next year. 与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might + 动词原形。 3)3) I wish I had seen the football match.
假设
If + 主语 + did (be用 were)
主语 + would/ should/could/ might +do
与过 去事实 相反的
假设
If + 主语 + had done
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主语 + would/ should/could/ might have done
构 主从
成句 虚拟条件从句(if…) 时态
3) If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the
course.
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四 与过去事实相反
从句谓语： had + 动词的过去分词 主句谓语：
would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词
If he had come earlier, he would have seen her. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday
与将 来情况 相反的
假设
①If + 主语 +
did ② If + 主语
+were to do ③ If + 主语 +
should do
主句
主语 + would/ should/ could/ might do
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二 虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用
1）与现在事实相反 从句谓语： 过去时 主句谓语：w形ould, should, could, might +动词原 If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa. If I were you, I would go there. 注意：在虚拟语气中，只精品能用were，不能用was.
have missed the train. 主、从句的谓语动词的精形品 式都和if从句相一致。
七 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致， 出现混合虚拟语气结构。
1)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well.
2) If I were you I would not have gone to see the film yesterday.