文献出处: Tomas R. The planning and design of the logistics distribution system [J] The Journal of International Logistics, 2014, 15(6): 35-59原文The planning and design of the logistics distribution systemTomas RAbstractAt present, the development of world economy is trend to be globalization and regional integration. Especially under the push of information technology, logistics industry will become more competitive, how they are at a high level of customer service, lower logistics cost and create more value-added services, as well as what operation mode under the new form, is a very urgent and realistic problem. Set logistics, information technology and capital into one of the modern logistics distribution center, logistics distribution system in the increasingly fierce competition plays an important role. Practice proves that the logistics distribution system of goods transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, circulation processing, distribution, order processing and information processing work of unified management, can greatly reduce the work intensity of labor, reduce loss, improve inventory turnover, reasonable control inventory, accelerate the circulation of commodities, reduce the circulation cost, improve the satisfaction of social needs, give consumers more choice, to a virtuous cycle logistics system, so as to reduce costs for the enterprise, the enterprise can improve its core competitiveness.Key words: Logistics system; Distribution center; Planning and design; Operationsmanagement1 Introduction1.1 The basic concept of distributionDistribution is according to the customer order and time plan, the logistics node (warehouses, shops, cargo terminal, logistics center, etc.) after operation, sorting, processing, distribution, as well as to match a good process of the goods to the consignee. Distribution is a kind of special and comprehensive logistics activity form, is combined closely with the business flow and logistics. Distribution includes almost all of the logistics function elements, is an epitome of logistics or in a small range all logistics activities to complete the purpose of the goods delivered, Special delivery to carry on the processing activities. Its targets is safe, accurate and high quality services and lower distribution costs.1.2 Formation and developmentDistribution, so must be mentioned from the connotation and characteristics. Issued at the end of 1985, the Japanese Japanese industrial standard (JIS) logistics term "lieutenant general distribution is defined as:" send consignee goods from logistics point ".Rules in April 1998, wised university professor Dry Repair in his book "the logistics of ABC guide to distribution are discussed in detail:" from the point of origin to the consumer, between all into products, semi-finished products, hair goods and inventory are to be carried out in a planned way, unified management and implementation. Distribution is the cheapest and the best service delivery way, to the most effective professional raw materials, product arrived, the procurement,transportation, warehouse functions organically combined together."1.3 The natureAccording to the customer request, the goods in a timely manner to the customer, to reach the company the possession and control of the market. Distribution is a "match" and "send" in the form of organic combination. “Match" is assigned user, with time, with goods, vehicles and routes. “Send", refers to the delivery transport. Distribution is an advanced form of modern logistics. It not only brings to the suppliers and demanders reduce logistics cost and enjoy the excellent service directly benefit, but also will save social carrier time, ease traffic pressure, reduce the transportation pollution, protect the ecological environment, etc.2 The basic model of distribution system and functionSo-called distribution system, is composed of multiple mutually distinguishes interconnected units, materials for working object, to the flow of finished material entity for the purpose of organic combination. Distribution system as well as general system, input, transformation, output and feedback four big functions, through the input and output system and social environment to carry on the exchange, make system and environmental dependency and deposit, and the conversion is the system with the characteristics of the system function.2.1 Communication and cohesion functionDistribution service provides the bridge between the circulation and production. The organic link between supply and demand together, communicate information, exchange goods, we have to establish a stable base for sourcing and distribution.2.2 concentration, suction functionRely on the distribution center of sensitive and huge information network and powerful "regulator", "pump" the strength of the non-stop from material widely, suction source and centralization reserves, as the strength distribution.2.3 Coordinate and balance functionAccording to the market demand status and situation of prophase stimulation, to dynamic balance into the supply of goods, optimizing the allocation of resources, distribution scheme is determined, in preparation for the points to deliver goods, distribution.2.4 Distribution function of goodsThis is an important business activity distribution center. Varieties of according to customer's order, order time and delivery time requirements, sort sorting distribution, combining with the urban transportation regulations, distribution plan, make the most of the means of transport.2.5 loading and delivery capabilitiesRelying on powerful carrying capacity to "center", will have good quantity, quality, on time delivery of goods households' hands.3 The logistics distribution system planning and design3.1 PrincipleDistribution operation is using delivery vehicles of the user to place an order for goods from the manufacturer, production base, wholesalers, distributors or distribution center, into the hands of the user's work. Vehicle distribution service isdirectly in front of the service users, service quality had a greater influence on the efficiency and credibility of the enterprise. Therefore, in the logistics distribution system planning and design should pay attention to the following principles: Low speed. The so-called timeliness is to be delivered within a specified time. Low reliability. In good shape to have the goods sent to the hands of the user. Low service attitude. Delivery personnel is on behalf of the company's image in the interaction with the user. So we must treat the users with the best service, so as to maintain the company's image and credibility. When convenience. Convenient for users, be sure to delivery according to the requirements of customers. If for emergency delivery should try our best to meet the requirements. Low efficiency. Meet user requirements, not only the quality is better, and the price is reasonable. Through careful operation, reduce cost, cheap to users, allows users to feel real benefit.3.2 Overall planning and designThe real distribution management is very difficult. Distribution management influenced by many factors, such as order processing takes effort, to make the plan of distribution, it is difficult to choose distribution path, delivery efficiency is low, it is difficult to on time delivery, delivery performance evaluation benchmark is unknown, the driver and the working time of uncertainty, fatigue and loss in the process of distribution and damage to the goods, transport vehicles and the refrigerator refrigerator car in good condition, etc. So we must strengthen the planning and design of logistics distribution system. In the process of actual distribution at the same time, also is affected by many uncontrolled factors, such as the distribution of user area,road traffic network, traffic restrictions, delivery time requirements, traffic, vehicle, road construction, the user changes changes, etc. So we must set up a team of planning and design, overall planning and design of logistics distribution system.3.3 The specific planning and designLogistics distribution system planning and design is based on the change of external environment, selecting the best distribution route, combined with the change of internal environment configuration is suitable for vehicle and improve unit cubed out, prevent crisscross transportation, as far as possible reducing distribution error rate, improve circulation and processing, sorting, inspection, packaging, and other functions, to make it in the best working state, and worked out their performance appraisal index, etc. In this paper, we study the logistics distribution system consists of seven subsystems: information collection and processing, distribution plan, choice of distribution, distribution vehicle path planning, distribution, performance analysis, choice of distribution mode, distribution process design.4 Distribution process designDistribution is a comprehensive and integrated logistics. Distribution contains rich content. Look from the link, both contain the transport of goods, as well as harmony goods collection, storage, cargo, picking, fittings and other activities. Some goods distribution activities (e.g., production and distribution), and often accompanied by processing (such as log cutting saw, shear, glass steel suit cut, coal mixed assembly, components, etc.).How to make these activities optimization, efficient and coordinated operation, is our shipping process to consider the content of the planningand design.4.1 The order processing workDistribution began in customer's inquiry, business offer, then receiving orders, business ability to query the inventory status, loading and unloading cargo delivery day, packaging, circulation processing load capacity, load distribution, etc., design to meet customer needs and distribution operations. When business is constrained to delivery according to customer's request, the need to coordinate the business department. Because enterprise is not with the cargo receipt, at the time of order processing, need to check company to the customer credit evaluation. In addition also need to statistics the time the order quantity, shipment to arrange the delivery, distribution, application and quantity. Returns the data processing are also treated in this stage. Other business needs quotation calculation method, formulate customer order minimum quantity, order or order checkout deadline. The economic order batch purchase order or release bill of lading is put forward. On the stock inventory with purchase orders issued after the rush.4.2 Inventory management operationsInventory management assignments include lots of management and inventory control. Store block management including commodity put way in the area of the warehouse, and the size of the area, such as regional distribution planning; The process of making the goods in and out of the way of the warehouse (first in first out and last in first out); Goods required for handling tools, handling way; Storage area of position adjustment and change. Inventory control must be in accordance with thetime needed for goods delivery, warehousing and so on to make a purchase quantity and purchase time, and do purchase time warning system. Setting inventory count method, is responsible for the inventory checking list to print on a regular basis, and according to the content of the inventory listing inventory revised inventory accounts, inventory and produce inventory surplus, dish deficient statements. With lots of management include packaging containers and packaging container takes care of the maintenance.4.3 Replenishment and the homeworkIn order to satisfy the customer different types, different specifications and different number of goods demand, the enterprise must effectively sporting goods, shipment and plans. Statistical customer order can know goods real demand. In the delivery date, when the inventory to meet demand for delivery, can print out the stock picking orders according to the quantity demanded and the picking instructions, picking the regional planning layout, tool selection and staff seconded. Shipment cherry-pick only including cherry-pick homework, also be picked off store shelves, helps the picking out of stock, this includes the replenishment quantity and replenishment time formulation, replenishment job scheduling, replenishment operation staff seconded.4.4 Shipment job processingAfter finish goods cherry-pick and circulation processing operations, can delivery of goods. Shipping operation, including print shipping documents according to customer orders for customers, make shipment scheduling, printing batch deliveryreport, needed to address label on the shipment of goods and delivery checklist. By scheduling personnel decided to focus mode, choose goods set tools, seconded set the operation personnel, and decided to transport vehicle size and number. The warehouse management personnel or managers decided to shipment delivery area planning layout and the mode of delivery of goods.4.5 Distribution operationsActual distribution assignments include goods loading and distribution, complete these assignments require prior planning and distribution Area, arrange delivery routes, determined by the order of distribution routes to choose goods loading order, and in Commodity distribution on the way to track goods, control and deal with the distribution surprises on the way.译文物流配送系统的规划和设计作者：托马斯摘要当前，世界经济的发展呈全球化以及区域一体化趋势。