e.g. You are not to drop litter in the park. 公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。 公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。 (2) blame vt. ① 责备,指责 (sb) be to blame for …应为…受到责备 e.g. The driver was to blame for the accident. 司机应为这次事故承担责任 短语： 短语： blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因某事责备某人 e.g. He blamed you for the neglect of duty. 他责备你怠忽职守。
conclusion n. 结论 conclude
v. 结束 推断 结束,推断
e.g. Some teachers conclude their class with/by a speech. 一些老师以讲话结束他们的课． 结束(+by/with) 结束 e.g. What can you conclude from these observations? 你从这些观察中能推出什么结论? 推断出,断定 推断出 断定(+from) 断定
② 把...归咎(于) e.g. The teacher blamed the mistake on my carelessness. 老师把错误归咎于我的粗心． blame sth. on sb. 把…归咎于某人身上 归咎于某人身上 11. the handle of the door/ the cup 门／杯子的把手 e.g. I didn't know how to handle these people. 我不知道如何对付这些人。
be absorbed in = absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 全神贯注于… 8. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in 10 days. 在两条街道上,霍乱流行的特别厉害， 在两条街道上 霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十 霍乱流行的特别厉害 天之内就死去了五百多人。 天之内就死去了五百多人。
1.Who put forward a theory about black holes. 谁提出了黑洞理论 put forward (1) 提出（+表示建议,计划等的名 词）= come up with e.g. put forward a very good suggestion／plan 提出了一个很好的建议 ／计划 (2) 把...向前拨 e.g. You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes. (3) 推荐 e.g. I put myself forward as the monitor.
注意: 注意:
immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等 一样， 与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间 一样 状语从句， 状语从句，意为 “一…..就”。 就 e.g. I will give the letter to him immediately I see him. 我一见到他就把这封信给他。 我一见到他就把这封信给他。 I came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就来了。 我一接到你的信就来了。
6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死． 每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死． every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状语从 在这里是连词， 意为“每次，每当” 句，意为“每次，每当” e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us. 每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。 每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。
(2) to take care; give attention 注意,留意. e.g. She didn't attend to what I was saying. 她并不注意听我所说的话。 (3) to be present at 出席,到场 e.g. attend school attend a lecture attend church 上学 听讲座 去教堂
12. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 有了这个特别的证据，约翰 斯诺就能够肯定 有了这个特别的证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定 的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。 的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。 with certainty 有把握地 have (no) certainty of (没)有…的把握
关于put的其它短语： 关于 的其它短语： 的其它短语 put away: 放好.储存(钱) put up with: 忍受 put on : 穿上，上演 put out： 熄灭，扑灭 2. draw/ come to/ arrive at/ reach a conclusion 得出结论 e.g. Ｗe drew a conclusion that we should give him another chance. 我们得出结论应该再给他一次机会
severe v. (1) strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的. be severe with/on/upon … 对…严格，严厉 (2) very serious 剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的 9. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. 这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的 线索。 线索。
absorb v. (1)吸收,接受，吸取 e.g. It's too hard for me to absorb so many good ideas at once. 对我来说很难一下完全接受这么多好主意。 对我来说很难一下完全接受这么多好主意。 (2)（常用被动） 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注 e.g. The old man was absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。
valuable (1) adj. worth of a lot of money 值钱的，贵重的 (2) adj. having great usefulness or value 有用的,有价值的 e.g. This experience is valuable to/for me. 这一经历对我很有用。 这一经历对我很有用。 (+for/to)
7.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals .
分析讨论suggest 的意思用法
（１）牙医建议她改天再来。 that she come another day The dentist suggested ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_． （２）她的表情表明她很开心。 that she was happy Her expression suggested ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿． （3）他建议晚饭后去散步。 He suggested going for a walk after supper.
5. cure ① vt.治愈，治疗／消除(弊病等);纠正 e.g. The doctor cured him of his cold. 医生治好了他的感冒． e.g. He cured the child of bad habits. 他纠正了孩子的坏习惯． cure sb. of sth. 治好了某人的 ，纠正了某人的 治好了某人的…，纠正了某人的… ② n.治愈;痊愈 e.g. There's no known cure for AIDS. 治疗艾滋病尚无良方。 [(+for)]
Байду номын сангаас
（２） expose
① 使暴露于;使接触到
expose sth/sb to 使…暴露于…；使面临； 使遭受（危险，攻击等） be exposed to 招致，遭受 翻译：呆在户内， 翻译：呆在户内，别把你的皮肤暴露于太阳底下 Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun． ． e.g. Those who were exposed to bird-flu were separated. 染上禽流感的人都被隔离了．
3.John Snow was a famous doctor in London--so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰.斯诺是一位著名的医生 他的确医术精 约翰 斯诺是一位著名的医生----他的确医术精 斯诺是一位著名的医生 以至成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生. 湛,以至成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生 以至成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生 attend v. (１) to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料. e.g. The doctor attended the patients. 医生照看病人. 医生照看病人
(3) n. (常用复数形式)贵重物品 e.g. Cathy kept her valuables in a safe. 凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里. 凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.