1.American Puritanism:The first setters who became the founding fathers of the American nation.they were a group of serious,religious people,advocating highly religious and moral principle.they carried with them to American a code of values,a philosophy of life,and a point of a view,in time,took root in the new world.
Puritanism:a r eligious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify”
the Church of England of remnants ([ˈremnənt)遗迹of the Roman Catholic “popery” that the Puritans claimed had been retained after the religious settlement reached early in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Puritans became noted in the 17th century for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that informed their whole way of life, and they sought through church reform to make their lifestyle the pattern for the whole nation.
2.Transcendentalism:it was a literary movement that flourished during the middle 19th century.it began as a rebellion against traditionally beliefs held by the english church that the god superseded the individual.it stressed intuitive understanding of god without help of church,and advocated independence of the mind.transcendentalists departed from orthodox Calvinism in that the importance and efficacy of human striving,as opposed to the bleaker puritan picture of
complete and inescapable depravity堕落.
3.American Romanticism:an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature,emphasis on individual’s emotion and imagination,departure背离from attitudes and forms of classicism,and rebellion 反抗from established rules and conventions.
4.American naturalism：it is a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.[
5.Imagism：It was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored
precision of imagery and clear, sharp language，As a poetic style it gave Modernism its start in the early 20th century，and is considered to be the first organized Modernist literary movement in the English language.Imagism is sometimes viewed as 'a succession of creative moments' rather than any continuous or sustained period of development
6.Modernism:is loosely a synonym同义词of anything contemporary,strictly,,especially in literary criticism ,which began in the late 19th century and the theory psycho-analysis as its theoretical base,they pay more attention to psychic time than chronological 编年的one.
7.Realism:it came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism.realism express the concern for commonplace and low.it offer an objective rather than an idealistic view of nature and experience.。