现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义二、现在分词的句法功能1．作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。

但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。

The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。

Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。

2．作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。

一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear 等后面。

The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。

The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。

【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。

3．作补足语(1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car．我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。

(2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。

She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。

A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。

（3）with +宾语+v-ingWith so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.4．作状语现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。

必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。

(1) 表示时间。

现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。

①Be careful when crossing the road．（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.）过马路时小心点。

②Having turned off the TV, he began to do hishomework．关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。

（=After he had turned off the TV．he began to do his homework．）(2) 表示原因①Being so excited, she couldn’t go to sleep．(=Becauseshe was so excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.) 因为她太兴奋了，所以睡不着。

②Not having received his reply，she decided to make acall to him．（=Because she hadn’t recei ved his reply,she decided to make a call to him．因为没有收到他的回信，她决定给他打个电话。

(3) 表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。

①The teacher came into the classroom, holding a bookin his hand．(=The teacher came into the classroomand held a book in his hand.) 老师手拿一本书走进教室。

②He came running into the room. (=He came and ran into the room)他跑进屋来。

(4) 表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。

这类状语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus, thereby(因此)或only，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。

这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。

逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。

①The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay.(=The car was held up by the storm and caused thedelay.) 汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。

②The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving theproject unfinished.(=The old scientist died all of a sudden, and left theproject unfinished.)那位老科学突然去世，留下未尽的事业。

③He turned off the lamp, (thereby) seeing nothing.(=He turned off the lamp, thereby he saw nothing.)他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。

④A number of new machines were introduced fromabroad, thus resulting in an increase in production.(=A number of new machines were introduced fromabroad, which resulted in an increase in production.)大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。

(5 ) 表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you’ll succeed. (=If you work hard，you’ll succeed.) 努力工作，你就会成功。

(6) 表示让步，常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。

Though feeling tired, Billy he didn’t stop working.(=Though Billy felt tired, he didn’t stop working.尽管觉得很累，但比利并没有停止他的工作。

提示：如果现在分词作时间，条件或者让步状语时，前面可以直接加相应的连词，如when,while,unless,if ,though。

Be careful when crossing the road．Th ough feeling tired, Billy he didn’t stop working三、分词的否定式分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前。

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait．不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn’t dare to go to school．小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

四、独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。

常见的有：generally speaking总的来说；judging from / by根据……判断；speaking of说到……；talking of谈到……；frankly speaking坦率地说；allowing for考虑到。

①Judging by his face, he was angry．从他的脸色上看，他很生气。

②The project will take about 8 months, allowing for delays caused by the rainy season.考虑到雨季的耽误，这项工程大约需要8个月。

③Frankly speaking，the car is not worth buying. 坦率地说，这部车不值得买。

五．基础练习题1.He sat there ______ a novel.A. readB. readingC. readsD. had read2. Don’t wake up the______ child.A. sleepB. sleptC. sleepingD. sleepy3.A proverb goes: ‘A ___ stone gathers no moss’.A. rollB. rollingC. rolledD. rolls4.The heavy rain kept us _____ for two hours.A. waitB. waitedC. waitingD. to wait5. We found the baby ____ on the floor.A. sleptB. sleepC. asleepD. sleeping6.Jack saw a woman ______ near the dog , so he walked up to her.A. stoodB. standsC. to standD. standing7._____ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream.A. To carryB. CarryingC. CarriedD. Carry8._____ my homework, I went home .A. Having finishedB. FinishedC. Being finishedD. Finish9.____ the door unlocked, I went in.A. FindingB. FoundC. Had foundD. Have found10.______ a careless fellow, he forget all about it.A. IsB. BeC. BeingD. Was11. You must be careful when ___ on the highway.A. you drivingB. are drivingC. drivingD. you were driving12.Engines are machines ___ power or motion.A. produceB. producingC. producedD. which producing13Weather ____ , we will have a picnic tomorrow.A. permitB. permitsC. permittedD. permitting14.The vacation ____ over , the students came back to school.A. isB. areC. wasD. being15.___ the painting, he gave a sigh of relief.A. FinishingB. Has finishedC. Being finishedD. Having finished16.___ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.A. TellingB. Having toldC. Having been toldD. Have told17. Don’t sit there________nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. doB. to doC. doingD. and doing18. The wild flower looked like a soft orangeblanket________the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover19. Tom’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use________with him.A. to argueB. arguingC. arguedD. having argued20.________ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.A. General speakingB. Speaking generalC. Generally speakingD. Speaking generally21. “You can’t catch me!” Jane shouted,________away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran22. I could’t do my homework with all that noise________ .A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on23.________for many years, the two brothers can’t recognize each other.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated24. The manager,________it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making25. Don’t leave the water________while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run26. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________the exam.A. passB. to passC. passedD. passing27. He looked around and caught a man________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting28. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked29. I couldn’t f ind my key to the car when________home.A. leavingB. to leaveC. leftD. having left30. Though________money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lackC. lackingD. lacked in31. The________girl was last seen________near the park.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playD. missed; to play.A. to repair bikesB. bikes to be repairedC. bikes being repairedD. repairing bikes32. The old man told the story in a________voice and the little girl felt very ________.A. frightening; frightenedB. frightened; frighteningC. frightening; frighteningD. frightened; frightened33. —Did you tell her the news?—No, of course not.—But________from what she said, she must have known about it.A. judgeB. judgedC. being judgedD. judging34.________full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A. Not being madeB. Having not madeC. Making notD. Not having made六．真题再现1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door______ "Sorry to miss you; willcall later." (99)A. readB. readsC. to readD. reading2. Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets hascaused heated debate among citizens. (11江苏31’ )A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD.being compared3. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010浙江)A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing4. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility forthe education of their children. （09江西34）A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced5. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed（2007全国Ⅱ）C. being opened and closedD. to open and close6. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. （2000·北安春招·15）A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ________ him. (2007上海)A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call8. The ________ boy was last seen ________ near the East Lake. （2000·上海·39）A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play9. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________ Chinese in the school, most______ were from Germany. （2006辽宁）A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom10. While watching television, ________. （2005全国Ⅲ）A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings11. When _____different cultures ,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江）A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared12. "Can’t you read?" Mary said_____ to the notice. (93)A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing13. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyedhis stay here. (94)A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added14. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in thenatural light during the day. (2007·天津·6)A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let15. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$ 57.65 abarrel on April 4.（2005山东）A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching16. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _______ advantage ofthe health and relaxation benefits.（2005上海）A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. having been taken17. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away,________ into the woods. （2004上海春招）A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. Seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing18. The manager, ________ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give hisworkers further training. （2003安徽春招）A. knowingB. knownC. to knowD. being known19. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. （2002上海）A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in21. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on your feet. (11北京)A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept22. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake inYushu, _______ the students to return to their classrooms. （2010江苏）A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to have enabled23. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province after the earthquake. （2010福建）A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent24. The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains. （2010江西）A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep25. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ________ in a small apartment near Boston and________ what to do about his future. (09 湖南25)A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderD. living; wondered26. When we visited my family home, memory came ________ back. (09辽宁22)A. floodingB. to floodC. floodD. flooded27. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _______the 60thanniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (09福建)A. markingB. markedC. having markedD. being marked29. ______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (08A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown31. ________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. ( 08安A. To walkB. WalkingC. WalkedD.Having walked32. We had an anxious couple of weeks _________ for the results of the experiment. (08四川)A. waitB. to being waitingC. waitedD. waiting33. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _______ a life span of around 20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have34. The storm left, ________ a lot of damage to this area. （2005·全国）A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused35. The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making36. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a localadvertising agency. (2010湖南）A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD.to struggle37. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （01A. sufferingB. To sufferC. Having sufferedD. suffered38. _________ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. ( 08浙江)A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized39. The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point. （2010四川）A. not tryingB. trying notC. to try notD. not to try40. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________, and asked myself what Iwas going to do. (2007·湖南·29)A. movedB. movingC. to moveD. being moved41._____ a reply, he decided to write again. (92)A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received43. ----- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----- Sorry. With so much work ________ my mind, I almost break down. (2007·福建·26)A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled 【2012重庆卷】23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having askedD. To be asked【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound【2012陕西卷】15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand【2012全国II】10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【2012天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit【2012江苏卷】31.__________an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base。