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初中英语中考前必备知识总结

study-studied;copy-copied;cry-cried;carry-carried
4
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加ed
stop plan fit refer prefer cancel travel quarreldrop
4.动词+ing的构成方式
5.时态语态公式
时态
基本语法表格
1.人称代词和物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数(现在ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ,动词+s/es)
复数
人称
代词
主格
I
we
you
you
she
he
it
they
these
宾格
me
us
you
you
her
him
it
them
those
物主代词(…的)
物主性
my
our
your
your
her
his
its
their
these
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
hers
his
its
theirs
those
反身代词
自己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
herself
himself
itself
themselves
themselves
2.可数名词的复数
构成
举例
1
在名词后面加s
Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
sheep羊肉, fish鱼肉(动物表示肉类)
3.名词所有格(某人/物“的”东西)
构成
举例
1
单数:在后面加’s
brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
2
复数:以s结尾的直接在s后加’,
不以s结尾的,加’s
Teachers’ Day教师节classmates’books同学们的书籍
Children’s Day六一节Women’s Day三八节
2
以s,x, sh, ch,结尾的,加es
boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,foxesbuses
3
以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,
12
单复数相同
fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
13
单复数意思不同
fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,
paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文
work工作works作品,工厂
glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜
orange桔子水oranges橙子
light光线lights灯
Englishman-Englishmen
10
如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数,则前后两个词都要变为复数
man doctor--men doctors,
woman teacher--women teachers
11
既可以是单数也可以是复数的一些集合名词
class班,同学;family家,家庭成员;organization机构;army军队;audience观众;enemy敌人;navy海军;committee委员会;group, team.
3
若结尾的e发音,就不能去掉
see-seeing
4
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加ing
run-running, swim-swimming,get-getting,sit–sitting,put–putting,begin–beginning,hit-hitting,stop-stopping,forget – forgetting
动词+ed的构成方式
构成
举例
1
直接在词尾加ed
work-worked;play-played;want-wanted;act-acted
2
以不发音的e字母结尾的动词,直接加d
live-lived;move-moved;taste-tasted;hope-hoped,
3
以辅音字母+ y结尾的,把y变为i再加ed
7
一般只有复数,没有单数的有
clothes;p0lice, people,crew, staff,police;pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, socks, trouses;scissors;(由两部分组成的东西)
8
特殊形式的有
child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, goose-geese,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep;man-men, woman-women,policeman-policemen,
4
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, way-ways
5
以o结尾加s(外来词);
但如是辅音加o的加es
radios, photos zoos
tomatoes, potatoes heroes
6
以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es
thief,wife,shelf,knife, loaf,leaf,wolf,half,
5
在少数几个以ie结尾的动词后:须将ie变作y,再加ing。
die–dying; tie–tying,lie–lying躺/位于lie--- lied --- lied --- lying撒谎
lie --- lay --- lain --- lying躺/位于
lay --- laid --- laid --- laying下蛋/放
构成
举例
2
以不发音的e字母结尾的动词,要去掉e再加ing
make-making, write-writing, skate-skating,close–closing, come-coming, take-taking,have-having,dance-dancing,live–living;hope-hoping
cloth布clothes衣服
people人peoples民族
time时间times时代,次数
chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡
water水waters水域;公海
wood木板;woods树林
14
常用的不可数名词
water,milk, fruit,meat, food, paper,air,weather, rice, ice, furniture家具
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