2019-2020年高中人教版英语必修一教学案：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ(含答案)语法图解探究发现1．“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary，”said Anne.→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2．“Does a friend always have to be a person？”the writer asks us.→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.3．“What do you call your diary？”Anne’s sister asked her.→Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.4．“Why did you go to bed so late last night？”Father asked Anne.→Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.5．The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”→The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.6．“What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother？”the teacher asked us.→The teacher asked us what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mother.[我的发现](1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句的主语作适当改变，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句1；但陈述客观事实时时态不变，如句5。
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由if或whether 引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用ask。
如句2。
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的疑问句引导的宾语从句。
如句4、6。
(4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
如句2、3、4、6。
直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。
间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。
一、人称变化的三原则1．“第一人称随主”原则如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。
”(直接引语内为第一人称)→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。
(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)2．“第二人称随宾”原则如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。
(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)3．“第三人称不更新”原则指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。
Mr. Li said, “Jack is a good worker.”李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人”。
(直接引语为第三人称)→Mr. Li said Jack was a good worker.李先生说杰克是一位好工人。
(改为间接引语后人称不变)[即时演练1]将下列句子改为间接引语①He said, “I am proud of my motherland.”→He said that he was proud of his motherland.②“You are wasting your time day-dreaming！”he said to Mary.→He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.③Mr. Smith said, “His voice is wonderful.”→Mr. Smith said his voice is wonderful.二、时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。
”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。
(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。
”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。
(间接引语为过去完成时) [名师点津]直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。
My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
”(直接引语是谚语)→My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
(变成间接引语时态不变) [即时演练2]将下列句子改为间接引语①I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.”→I said that I would_give her some advice the next day.②“You have already done your duty，”he said to her.→He told her that she had already done her duty.③H e said, “I am living with my old brother.”→He said that he was_living with his old brother.④“Light travels much faster than sound，”he said.→He said that light travels much faster than sound.⑤My friend Linda said to me, “I saw the film three days ago.”→My friend Linda told me that she had_seen the film three days before.三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)→She asked whether that book was his.她问那本书是不是他的。
(间接引语中改为that)“I’ll be very busy today，”said the man.那个人说：“我今天会很忙。
”(直接引语中用today)→The man said he would be very busy that day.那个人说，那天他会很忙。
(间接引语中改为that day)[即时演练3]将下列句子改为间接引语①They said, “We arrived this morning.”→They said that they had arrived that_morning.②John said, “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.”→John said that he had written back telling him about it the_day_before.③He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”→He said that it was ten o’clock then.④She said, “I’ll do it tonight.”→She said that she would do it that_night.⑤He said, “I brought it home with me.”→He said that he had taken it home with him.四、连接词的选择1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。
在口语中，that可以省略。
He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.[名师点津]直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。
She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(... or ...或．..or not)或if引导。