个人银行账户管理程序实验内容：设计一个程序，实现对个人银行账户的管理。

银行账户有储蓄账户和信用账户两类。

储蓄账户不可以透支，利息每年结算一次；信用账户允许在一定额度内透支，透支则需支付利息，并在每月1日进行一次结算。

实验要求：1.程序要实现的功能：a)用户创建新账户需要提供基本的账号以及金额，如果是储蓄账户，还需定义年利率，如果是信用账户，则还需定义信用额度，日利率，年费b)储蓄账户：在每年的1月1日结算利息，利息的计算: 将一年中每天的余额累积起来再除以一年总天数，得到日均余额，再乘以年利率c)信用账户：在每年的1月1日扣取年费，信用账户没有利息，但透支则需要支付利息，从透支那天开始计算利息(日均欠费金额×利率)，并在每月的1日进行一次结算d)用户能查看账户信息以及账户余额的变动情况e)用户存取款需要提供日期和金额，取款失败应提示输出失败原因2.设计类并写出每个类的详细描述(包括构造函数，成员变量，成员函数的含义)和画出UML类图(体现类之间的关系和类内成员的访问权限)3.程序中使用的类应该做到类定义和实现分离(使用多文件结构)4.设计测试用例对程序功能进行充分测试，并对运行结果进行截图实验分析：定义账户基类Account描述所有账户的共性，包含私有成员：账号id、余额balance、账户总金额静态数据成员total；保护成员：构造函数Account()、记账函数record()、错误信息报告常函数error()；公有成员：获取账号常函数getId()、获取余额常函数getBalance()、获取总金额静态函数getTotal()、显示账户信息show()。

再从账户基类中公有派生出储蓄账户类SavingsAccount和信用账户类CreditAccount，储蓄类账户中定义了私有成员：辅助计算利息的累加器acc、存款的年利率rate，公有成员：构造函数SavingsAccount()、用于访问年利率的常函数getRate()、存现金函数deposit()、取现金函数withdraw()、利息结算函数settle()。

信用类账户中定义了私有成员：辅助计算利息的累加器acc、信用额度credit、欠款的日利率rate、信用卡年费fee、获得欠款项函数getDebt()；公有成员：构造函数CreditAccount()、获取信用额度常函数getCredit()、获取日利率常函数getRate()、获取年费常函数getFee()、获得可用信用额度常函数getAvailableCredit()、存现金函数deposit()、取现金函数withdraw()、利息和年费结算函数settle()。

定义类Accumulator，用于计算一项数值的按日累加之和的接口，通过该类计算利息，包含三个数据成员——表示被累加数值上次变更日期的lastDate、被累加数值当前值value以及上次变更被累加数值为止的按日累加总和sum，该类同时包含四个函数成员——构造函数Accumulator()、用来计算到指定日期的累加结果的常函数getSum()、用来在指定日期更改数值的函数change()以及用来将累加器清零并重新设定初始日期和数值的函数reset()。

定义日期类Date，该类的数据成员包含year、month、day和totalDays，其中totalDays表示这一天的相对日期。

该类的成员函数除了构造函数和用来获得year、month、day的函数外，还包括用来得到当前月的天数getMaxDay()函数、用来判断当前年是否为闰年的isLeapYear()函数、用来将当前日期输出的show()函数、用来判断当前日期与指定日期相差天数的distance()函数，这些函数都会被Date类的其他成员函数或SavingsAccount类的函数调用。

以上各个类之间的UML类图如下：程序代码：账户类定义头文件：//Account.h#ifndef _ACCOUNT_H_#define _ACCOUNT_H_#include <string>#include "Date.h"#include "Accumulator.h"class Account {private:std::string id;double balance;static double total;protected:Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);void error(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &msg) const;public:const std::string &getId() const{return id;}double getBalance() const{return balance;}static double getTotal(){return total;}void show() const;};class SavingsAccount:public Account {private:Accumulator acc;double rate;public:SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);double getRate() const {return rate;void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, conststd::string &desc);void settle(const Date &date);};class CreditAccount:public Account{private:Accumulator acc;double credit;double rate;double fee;double getDebt() const {double balance = getBalance();return (balance<0 ? balance : 0);}public:CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);double getCredit() const {return credit;}double getRate() const{return rate;}double getFee(){return fee;}double getAvailableCredit() const{if(getBalance() < 0)return credit + getBalance();elsereturn credit;}void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, conststd::string &desc);void settle(const Date &date);void show() const;};账户类实现文件：//Account.cpp#include <iostream>#include <cmath>#include <iomanip>#include "Account.h"using namespace std;double Account::total = 0;Account::Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id):id(id), balance(0){date.show();cout << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl;}void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc){amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;balance += amount;total += amount;date.show();cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << setw(6) << amount << "\t" << setw(10) << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;}void Account::show() const{cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;}void Account::error(const Date &date, double amount, const string &msg) const{date.show();cout<< "\t#" << id << "\t" << setw(6) << amount << "\t" << setw(10) << balance << "\t" << "Error:"+msg <<endl;}SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, conststd::string &id, doublerate):Account(date,id),rate(rate),acc(date,0) {}void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {record(date,amount,desc);acc.change(date,getBalance());void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc){if(amount>getBalance()){error(date, amount, "you not enough money");} else {record(date,-amount,desc);acc.change(date,getBalance());}}void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date){double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate /date.distance( Date(date.getYear()-1,1,1) );if(interest!=0){record(date,interest,"interest");}acc.reset(date,getBalance());}CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date &date,const string& id,double credit,double rate,doublefee):Account(date,id),credit(credit),rate(rate),fee(fee),acc(d ate,0){}void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){record(date,amount,desc);acc.change(date,getDebt());}void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){if(amount-getBalance()>credit){error(date, amount, "you not enough credit");} else{record(date,-amount,desc);acc.change(date,getDebt());}}void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date){double interest=acc.getSum(date)*rate;if(interest!=0){record(date,interest,"interest");}if(date.getMonth()==1){record(date,-fee,"annual fee");acc.reset(date,getDebt());}void CreditAccount::show() const{Account::show();cout << "\t\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit(); }日期类头文件：//Date.h#ifndef _DATE_H_#define _DATE_H_class Date {private:int year;int month;int day;int totalDays;public:Date(int year, int month, int day);int getYear() const {return year;}int getMonth() const {return month;}int getDay() const {return day;}int getMaxDay() const;bool isLeapYear() const {return year%4==0 && year%100!=0 || year%400==0;}int distance(const Date& date) const {return totalDays - date.totalDays;}void show() const;};#endif日期类实现文件：//Date.cpp#include <iostream>#include <cstdlib>#include "Date.h"using namespace std;namespace {const intDAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[]={0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,33 4,365};}Date::Date(int year,int month,intday):year(year),month(month),day(day) {if(day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {cout << "Invalid date: ";show();cout << endl;exit(1);}int years = year - 1;totalDays = years*365 + years/4 - years/100 + years/400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month-1] + day;if(isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++;}int Date::getMaxDay() const {if(isLeapYear() && month == 2)return 29;elsereturn DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] -DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month-1];}void Date::show() const {cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay(); }Accumulator类头文件：//Accumulator.h#ifndef _ACCUMULATOR_H_#define _ACCUMULATOR_H_#include "Date.h"class Accumulator{private:Date lastDate;double value;double sum;public:Accumulator(const Date &date, double value):lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0){}double getSum(const Date &date) const {return sum + value*date.distance(lastDate);}void change(const Date &date, double value) {sum = getSum(date);lastDate = date;this->value = value;}void reset(const Date &date, double value) {lastDate = date;this->value = value;sum=0;}};#endif测试用例及截图：//main.cpp#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>#include "Account.h"using namespace std;int main() {Date date(2016, 12, 22);cout<<"建立账户"<<endl;SavingsAccount sa1(date, "SA_2016", 0.015);SavingsAccount sa2(date, "SA_2017", 0.015);CreditAccount ca(date, "CA_2018", 10000, 0.0005, 100);cout<<"所有账户的交易记录(存款、取款、结算)"<<endl;cout<<"Time\t\t"<<"Account_id\t"<<setw(6)<<"Amount\t"<<setw (11)<<"Balance\t"<<"Notes"<<endl;sa1.settle(Date(2017, 1, 1));sa2.settle(Date(2017, 1, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 1, 1));sa1.deposit(Date(2017, 1, 5), 5000, "salary");ca.withdraw(Date(2017, 1, 15), 3000, "buy a cell");sa2.deposit(Date(2017, 1, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");ca.settle(Date(2017, 2, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 3, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 4, 1));ca.deposit(Date(2017, 4, 1), 2018, "repay the credit");ca.settle(Date(2017, 5, 1));sa1.deposit(Date(2017, 5, 5), 5500, "salary");ca.settle(Date(2017, 6, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 7, 1));ca.withdraw(Date(2017, 7, 10), 10000, "donation");sa2.withdraw(Date(2017, 7, 20), 15000, "buy a cell phone");ca.settle(Date(2017, 8, 1));ca.deposit(Date(2017, 8, 26), 1000, "repay the credit");ca.settle(Date(2017, 9, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 10, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 11, 1));ca.settle(Date(2017, 12, 1));sa1.settle(Date(2018, 1, 1));sa2.settle(Date(2018, 1, 1));ca.settle(Date(2018, 1, 1));cout<<"所有账户信息"<<endl;sa1.show();cout<<endl;sa2.show();cout<<endl;ca.show();cout<<endl;cout<<"所有账户总金额Total："<< Account::getTotal() <<endl;return 0;}运行结果：11。