4. The stage of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
5. Factors participate in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis 6. The separation of artery andபைடு நூலகம்vein 7. Fetal blood circulation
Development of Cardiovascular system &
Development of Cardiovascular system
& Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative Medicine
Content of study
Part one. Development of blood vessel Part two. Development of heart Part three. Myocardial regeneration
primativ. endothel. network
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• vasculogenesis：In the embryonic stage, precursors
of vascular cells and blood cells which derived from
mesoderm aggregate in blood island. Then the vascular precursor cells differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and form primitive vascular network. de novo blood vessel formation, such as the primary vascular plexus in yolk sac and the vassels in liver and
5. Vasculogenesis/Angiogenesis regulators
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The inhibitors and activators
In the research of tumor angiogenesis, some cytokines and small molecules has been found. Among them, the most important activators of angiogenesis are VEGF and bFGF.
Postnatal vasculogenesis begins from the differentiation of endothelial stem/progenitor cells. Endothelial stem/progenitor cells may derive from different cells, such as angioblast in blood, bone marrow progenitors or resident stem cells. The process of angiogenesis is the same as that in embryonic stage.
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VEGF-VEGFR and vasculogenesis/angiogenesis
（1）VEGF VEGF is a 46KD hot-stable polypeptide, which is isolated from bovine pituitary follicular stellate cell conditioned medium by Ferrara in 1989. VEGF is a growth factor having specific effects on vascular endothelial cells. Because VEGF can enhance vascular permeability, it is also known as vascular permeability factor. It belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family. Other members include VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PIGF), VEGF-C and VEGF-D.
(2) Methods of angiogenesis
Sprouting Intussusception or splitting
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primative endothelial network
diminish, atrophy
fuse, thickening
a new blood vessel is created by splitting of an existing blood vessel in two
2. Angiogenesis
(1) angiogenesis：The process of generating new
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blood vessels from existed blood vessels. It is the basic
steps needed for many physiological and pathological
1. Vasculogenesis
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(1) Process of vasculogenesis —Blood island
angioblast
blood island
endoth e-lial cell
primativ-e blood cell
15-16d of human embryo
endothelial tube
The new blood vessels fromation in the adult also includes two processes: angiogenesis and vasculogenesis
Neovascularization encompasses both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis represents the classic paradigm for new vessel growth, as mature, differentiated ECs break free from their basement membrane and migrate as well as proliferate to form sprouts from parental vessels. Vasculogenesis involves participation of BM-derived EPCs, which circulate to sites of neovascularization where they differentiate in situ into mature ECs.
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The function in different phage of development
Nutrients for the development of embryo Postnatal survival
Part one. Development of blood vessel
1. Vasculogenesis 2. Angiogenesis 3. The formation of primary vascular system
• It is an in situ assembly of cord like blood vassel.
Endothelial cells initially formed the main vessels similar to the capillary network of blood vessel network, eventually they assembled into mature vascular network.
reactions. Angiogenesis occurs in wound healing, endometrial cyclical changes, tumor, myocardial infarction and diabetes et al. the organs without angioblast migration into, such as the brain and the spinal cord.
spleen et. al.
(2) Angioblast growth
From the fact that there is close relation in time and space of hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells during the process of development, it is speculated that they probably come from a precursor cell called angioblast.
primative cardiovascular system
3. The formation of primary vascular system
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4. The stage of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis p236
Vasculogenesis creates the primary network of vascular endothelial cells that will become major blood vessels. Later, angiogenesis remodels this network into the small new blood vessels or capillaries that complete the child's circulatory system.