高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]第1讲句子成分英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型结构如下：主语谓语用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look,listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:It is raining now. (ＳＶ)We've worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)Time flies. (ＳＶ)练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.( )考点2.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。
I.如何辨别系动词有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。
如何来辨别呢有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。
如：vi.vt. . 宾语宾语（间）宾语（直）宾语宾语补足语表语①⑤②④③第二部分专题过关测试1.改正下列句子的改错。
①Do exercise everyday is good for your health.②That what he said isn’t true.③He came late made his teacher angry.④On the desk is two books.⑤Go to a key college is my dream.2.用划出下列句中的后置定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的①There is nothing to do today.②The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.③There are five boys left.④Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.⑤His rapid progress in English made us surprised.⑥The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.⑦He is not a man easy to deal with.⑧A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour.⑨Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.⑩There is only one program worth watching today.3.用双横线分别划出下句中的间接宾语和直接宾语。
①I will bring you the book when I come next time.②He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets.③My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.④She showed us many of her pictures.⑤Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.4.分析下列句子成分，体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系，并指出宾补是什么词性或结构充当。
①She found it difficult to do the work.②They made him monitor of the class.③They pushed the door open.④Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground.⑤The old man asked us to sit down.⑥He noticed a man enter the room.⑦By speaking slowly, he made himself understood.⑧We want these trees planted soon.⑨I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.⑩I left the bag lying on the ground.5.用双下划线标出it所代表的真正宾语。
①The chairman thought?it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.②S he made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.?③I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．④He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.⑤I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.第三部分写作能力提升写作专练1.正确运用主语的各种形式（参看P4考点2 ）1.在我看来，早睡早起对我们的健康有好处。
（in my opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do alot of good to, our health.）2.3.被一所重点大学录取是我的梦想。
（be admitted by a key college, my dream）4.5.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。
（fail the exam, make, upset）6.7.在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。
（between the two tall buildings, stand, teachingbuilding）8.9.我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有帮助。
（what we are learning now, beof great help to, our life and work, in the future）10.写作专练2.用活形容词短语做后置定语（参看P5考点8 ）1.你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗（know, next to）2.3.尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。
（send…to, nearest to, as soon as possible）4.5.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。
（dining hall, large enough, hold）写作专练3.正确安排并列状语的顺序（参看P6 1 ）1.那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。
（do his homework, in the classroom, carefully, at themoment）2.3.我们上周日在我们校园内载了很多树。
（ plant lots of trees, in the schoolyard）4.5.他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。
（perform incredibly well, speech contest）写作专练4.注意频度副词的位置（参看P6 2 ）1.我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。
（will, forget, what he told me, never）2.3.我经常去那家超市。
（frequently, the supermarket）4.5.他总是帮助别人。
（ help others, always）6.7.我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。
（ treat an old man like that）8.9.活到老，学到老。
（never, too old to learn）10.写作专练5.不要忘了使用系动词（参看P8 IV ）1.那食物很可口，我吃了很多。
（the food, delicious）2.3.那个电影好极了。
（the movie, fantastic）4.5.不过呢，一些人反对这个计划。
（however, against, the plan）6.7.他们的意见如下。
（their opinion, as follows）8.9.就我而言，我赞成这个主意。
（as far as I’m concerned, in favor of）10.写作专练6.用活双宾语句式（参看P8考点4 ）用两种方法翻译下列句子：1.他给我提供一些建议。
（offer, some advice）2.3.我欠他很多钱。
（owe）4.5.在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。
（buy, a special gift）6.7.他给我做了一个纸飞机。